Question 1: Define what a smart material is and explain one example of how it can change in response to its environment.

Answer: A smart material is a material that can respond to changes in its environment, such as temperature, stress, or light, by altering its properties. Example: Shape memory alloys that return to a preset shape when heated.

Question 2: Identify and describe two different types of smart materials used in everyday products.

Answer: Shape memory alloys that change shape with temperature, and thermochromic materials that change colour with temperature.

Question 3: Imagine you are designing a new pair of sports shoes that can adapt to different weather conditions. Which smart material would you consider using and why?

Answer: Thermochromic materials could be used to change the colour of the shoes in response to temperature, indicating cold or hot weather, or shape memory materials that adjust fit.

Question 4: Describe a potential problem when using smart materials in products and suggest how this might be overcome.

Answer: Smart materials may be expensive or have limited lifespan. This could be addressed by using them only in critical parts or developing more durable versions.

Question 5: Sketch a simple concept for a window that uses a thermochromic film to change its transparency based on sunlight. Include labels for key parts.

Answer: A sketch showing a window with a layer of thermochromic film between two panes of glass, with labels for the film, glass panes, and sunlight exposure.

Question 6: Draw a design for a wristband that changes colour based on body temperature. Show how the smart material might be incorporated into the band.

Answer: A detailed sketch of a wristband with a section highlighted as a smart material that changes colour. The sketch should include labels indicating the smart material and its placement.

Question 7: Explain how shape memory alloys can be used in safety devices such as fire alarms or emergency switches.

Answer: Shape memory alloys can change shape or activate mechanisms when heated, triggering alarms or switches automatically in emergencies.

Question 8: Design a small product that could benefit from the use of a smart material. Briefly describe your idea and how the smart material improves it.

Answer: Example: A self-adjusting eyeglasses frame made from shape memory alloy that fits snugly around the face and adjusts its shape for comfort.

Question 9: List two advantages and two disadvantages of using smart materials in product design.

Answer: Advantages: They can adapt to environmental conditions, reducing need for manual adjustments. Disadvantages: They may be costly and have limited lifespan or durability.