Question 1: Define an electronic system and explain its main purpose.

Answer: An electronic system is a combination of electronic components that work together to perform a specific function, such as sensing, processing, or controlling. Its main purpose is to automate or enhance tasks through electronic means.

Question 2: Describe the function of a resistor in an electronic circuit.

Answer: A resistor limits the flow of electric current within a circuit, protecting components from damage and controlling voltage levels.

Question 3: List three common electronic components used in systems and briefly describe their roles.

Answer: 1. Resistor - controls current flow. 2. Capacitor - stores electrical energy. 3. Switch - opens or closes a circuit to turn it on or off.

Question 4: Design Brief: You need to create an automatic night light that turns on at dusk and off at dawn. Sketch a basic diagram of an electronic system that could control this function, including at least a light sensor and a switch.

Answer: A diagram showing a light sensor (such as a photoresistor) connected to a control circuit that activates a switch to turn on the light when darkness is detected. The system should include power supply, sensor, control unit, and light output.

Question 5: Explain how a light-dependent resistor (LDR) can be used in an automatic lighting system.

Answer: An LDR changes its resistance based on the light level; in darkness, resistance increases, triggering the system to turn on lights, and in bright conditions, resistance decreases, turning lights off.

Question 6: Draw a simple circuit diagram that includes a battery, a switch, and two light bulbs in series. Label all components clearly.

Answer: A sketch showing a battery connected to a switch, which is connected in series to two light bulbs. All components are labeled accordingly.

Question 7: What is a microcontroller, and how can it be used in an electronic system? Provide a brief explanation.

Answer: A microcontroller is a small computer on a chip that can process inputs and control outputs. It can be used to automate tasks, process sensor data, and control electronic devices.

Question 8: Design Brief: You are asked to develop a temperature-sensitive fan that turns on when the room gets too hot. Sketch a basic block diagram showing the main parts of this system, including the temperature sensor and the control device.

Answer: A block diagram with a temperature sensor (such as a thermistor) feeding data to a control unit (microcontroller). The control unit activates a fan (output device) when the temperature exceeds a set threshold.

Question 9: Identify two advantages of using electronic systems over traditional mechanical systems.

Answer: 1. Electronic systems can be programmed for complex functions, making them more versatile. 2. They can operate automatically, reducing the need for manual intervention.

Question 10: Explain the importance of safety when designing electronic systems for everyday use.

Answer: Safety ensures that electronic systems do not cause harm to users or damage to property. Proper insulation, grounding, and circuit protection are essential to prevent electrical shocks, fires, or malfunction.