Question 1: Define what a smart material is and give two examples of common smart materials used in industry.

Answer: A smart material is a material that can respond to external stimuli such as temperature, pressure, or light by changing its properties. Examples include shape memory alloys and thermochromatic materials.

Question 2: Describe how a shape memory alloy works and identify one practical application of this material.

Answer: A shape memory alloy can return to its original shape after deformation when heated. An application includes orthodontic wires that adjust with body temperature.

Question 3: Explain the concept of thermochromatic materials and provide one example of where they might be used.

Answer: Thermochromatic materials change colour in response to temperature changes. An example is temperature-sensitive mug coatings that change colour when hot liquid is poured in.

Question 4: Sketch a design for a temperature-sensitive wristband that changes colour based on body temperature. Label key features such as the smart material, display area, and any fastening mechanisms.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a rectangular band with an area labeled as 'thermochromatic material' that changes colour. The sketch should include a fastening clasp and indicate the main display area.

Question 5: Design a concept for a sportswear glove that uses thermochromatic fabric to indicate when the user's hand is too cold. Include a brief explanation of how it works.

Answer: The glove incorporates thermochromatic fabric that turns a different colour when the hand's temperature drops below a set level, alerting the user to warm up. The fabric covers the back of the hand for visibility.

Question 6: Identify two advantages and two disadvantages of using smart materials in product design.

Answer: Advantages: They can adapt to environmental changes, increasing functionality; they reduce the need for external controls. Disadvantages: They can be expensive; durability and long-term stability may be limited.

Question 7: Propose a new product that could benefit from the use of shape memory alloys. Sketch a basic design plan and explain how the smart material improves the product.

Answer: Sample idea: An automatic vent for greenhouses that opens when temperature rises. The sketch should show the vent mechanism with shape memory alloy components that expand or contract to open/close the vent. Explanation: The alloy responds to temperature, automating ventilation without electrical components.

Question 8: Describe a process by which a smart material could be tested for its responsiveness to environmental stimuli.

Answer: Expose the material to controlled stimuli, such as heating it to specific temperatures, and observe changes in properties like colour or shape. Record the temperature at which changes occur and assess consistency.