Question 1: Name three common types of hardwood and describe one typical use for each.

Answer: Oak: used for furniture due to its durability; Beech: used for tool handles because of its strength; Mahogany: used for high-quality furniture and veneers.

Question 2: Explain the difference between softwoods and hardwoods in terms of their origin and typical applications.

Answer: Softwoods come from coniferous trees and are generally less dense, used for construction and framing. Hardwoods come from deciduous trees, are denser, and are used for furniture and decorative veneers.

Question 3: Describe three important properties of woods that influence their use in carpentry.

Answer: Strength: determines load-bearing capacity; Grain: affects appearance and workability; Durability: resistance to decay and pests.

Question 4: Identify two methods of finishing wood to improve its appearance and durability.

Answer: Varnishing and sealing; waxing and oiling.

Question 5: A designer needs to create a lightweight but strong chair frame. Which type of wood would you recommend and why?

Answer: Balsa or ash; Balsa is very lightweight but not very strong, so ash or other stronger softwoods might be better, but if weight is critical, balsa can be used with reinforcement.

Question 6: Sketch a simple plan for a small storage box made from wood. Ensure your sketch includes the main components and joints.

Answer: A clear sketch showing a rectangular box with four sides, a base, and a lid; joints such as butt joints or dovetail joints; label all parts and joints.

Question 7: Create a detailed plan for a wooden bookshelf suitable for a classroom. Include dimensions, type of wood, and type of joints used.

Answer: A detailed plan with approximate dimensions (e.g., height 150cm, width 80cm, depth 30cm), using pine for affordability and ease of work, with dowel joints for shelves, and a back panel for stability.

Question 8: Describe the environmental considerations when choosing wood for a project.

Answer: Selecting sustainably sourced wood, checking for FSC or PEFC certification, and considering the environmental impact of processing and transportation.

Question 9: List two advantages and two disadvantages of using plywood in woodworking projects.

Answer: Advantages: strong and stable, versatile; Disadvantages: can be prone to swelling if not sealed, and may have visible layers that affect appearance.

Question 10: Sketch a cross-section of a piece of softwood, highlighting the annual growth rings and grain pattern.

Answer: A cross-section showing concentric rings representing annual growth, with a clear depiction of grain direction and pattern typical of softwood species.