Question 1: Define malnutrition and explain how it can affect an individual's health.

Answer: Malnutrition refers to both undernutrition and overnutrition, where the body does not get the right amount or types of nutrients. It can lead to health problems such as weakened immune system, stunted growth, or obesity.

Question 2: Describe two health issues caused by a diet high in saturated fats.

Answer: A diet high in saturated fats can lead to cardiovascular disease and increase the risk of developing high cholesterol levels, which can cause blockages in arteries.

Question 3: Identify three nutrients that are vital for maintaining healthy bones and explain their role.

Answer: Calcium helps build and maintain strong bones; vitamin D aids in calcium absorption; phosphorus supports bone structure and strength.

Question 4: Explain the consequences of vitamin C deficiency and name a common food source for it.

Answer: Vitamin C deficiency can cause scurvy, leading to fatigue, swollen gums, and bleeding. A common food source is oranges or other citrus fruits.

Question 5: Describe the health risks associated with excessive sugar consumption.

Answer: Excessive sugar intake can lead to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dental cavities.

Question 6: Sketch a balanced plate diagram showing appropriate proportions of different food groups. Label each section.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a plate divided into sections: roughly half for vegetables and fruits, a quarter for starchy foods like bread or rice, and a quarter for proteins such as meat or beans. Include labels for each section.

Question 7: Describe the symptoms and possible health implications of iron deficiency anemia.

Answer: Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and pale skin. It can lead to decreased oxygen transport in the blood, causing tiredness and reduced immune function.

Question 8: Explain how a diet lacking in fibre can affect digestive health.

Answer: A low-fibre diet can cause constipation, irregular bowel movements, and increase the risk of bowel diseases.

Question 9: Identify two lifestyle factors that can contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes.

Answer: Poor diet high in sugar and fats, and a sedentary lifestyle with little physical activity.

Question 10: Sketch a healthy snack that provides a good source of protein and fibre. Label the ingredients used.

Answer: A correct sketch might include a bowl of mixed nuts and seeds, wholegrain crackers, or vegetable sticks with hummus, with labels indicating the sources of protein and fibre.