Question 1: Explain what is meant by 'malnutrition' and give two examples of how it can affect a person's health.

Answer: Malnutrition refers to not getting the right amount of nutrients needed for health, which can lead to health issues such as stunted growth and weakened immune system.

Question 2: Describe two health problems that can arise from a diet high in saturated fats.

Answer: A diet high in saturated fats can lead to heart disease and increased cholesterol levels.

Question 3: Identify three nutrients that are essential for maintaining healthy bones and explain their roles.

Answer: Calcium strengthens bones, vitamin D helps in calcium absorption, and phosphorus is important for bone mineralization.

Question 4: Discuss how a deficiency in vitamin C can affect the body.

Answer: A deficiency in vitamin C can cause scurvy, leading to symptoms like bleeding gums, fatigue, and weakened immune function.

Question 5: Explain the health risks associated with a diet that is excessively high in sugar.

Answer: High sugar intake can lead to obesity, increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, and cause tooth decay.

Question 6: Describe the consequences of a diet lacking in dietary fibre.

Answer: Lack of dietary fibre can cause constipation, increase the risk of bowel diseases, and negatively affect digestion.

Question 7: Sketch a balanced plate diagram, showing the proportions of different food groups that should be included in a healthy diet.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a plate divided into sections: half filled with fruits and vegetables, a quarter with starchy foods like potatoes or rice, and a quarter with protein sources such as meat, fish, or beans.

Question 8: Explain what is meant by 'diet-related diseases' and give two examples.

Answer: Diet-related diseases are health conditions caused or worsened by poor dietary choices, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Question 9: Describe two strategies that can help prevent health issues caused by poor nutrition.

Answer: Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and reducing intake of processed foods and sugars can help prevent nutrition-related health problems.

Question 10: Draw a simple diagram showing the effects of a nutrient deficiency on a specific part of the body (e.g., iron deficiency affecting blood).

Answer: A correct sketch would depict a blood cell with labels indicating iron deficiency leading to anemia, such as pale or fewer red blood cells.