Question 1: Explain how a diet high in saturated fats can increase the risk of heart disease.

Answer: A diet high in saturated fats can raise blood cholesterol levels, which may lead to the build-up of fatty deposits in arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Question 2: Identify three health issues associated with a deficiency of vitamin C.

Answer: Scurvy, weakened immune system, and delayed wound healing.

Question 3: Describe the effects of a diet lacking in dietary fibre on the digestive system.

Answer: A lack of dietary fibre can lead to constipation, slower digestion, and an increased risk of developing conditions like diverticulitis or bowel cancer.

Question 4: List two symptoms of obesity and explain how it can affect overall health.

Answer: Symptoms include increased fatigue and joint pain. Obesity can lead to health issues such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and reduced mobility.

Question 5: Discuss the potential health consequences of excessive sugar intake.

Answer: Excessive sugar intake can lead to weight gain, increased risk of type 2 diabetes, tooth decay, and insulin resistance.

Question 6: Sketch a balanced plate showing appropriate food portions for a healthy meal, including at least three different food groups.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a plate divided into sections: half filled with vegetables and fruits, one quarter with lean protein (such as chicken, fish, or beans), and one quarter with whole grains or starchy foods.

Question 7: Describe how a diet deficient in iron can affect the body.

Answer: Iron deficiency can cause anemia, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath.

Question 8: Explain the relationship between a high salt intake and the risk of hypertension.

Answer: High salt intake can cause the body to retain excess water, increasing blood pressure levels and raising the risk of hypertension and related cardiovascular problems.

Question 9: Identify two types of foods that are good sources of calcium and explain why calcium is important for health.

Answer: Dairy products like milk and cheese are good sources. Calcium is important for strong bones and teeth, and helps prevent conditions like osteoporosis.

Question 10: Discuss the impact of excessive alcohol consumption on nutritional health.

Answer: Excessive alcohol can interfere with nutrient absorption, cause liver damage, and increase the risk of nutritional deficiencies and health problems such as liver cirrhosis.