Question 1: Explain the term 'malnutrition' and describe two different health problems that can result from it.

Answer: Malnutrition refers to an imbalance in the nutrients the body needs, either due to deficiency or excess. It can cause health problems such as stunted growth in children and weakened immune systems.

Question 2: Identify and explain two common symptoms of iron deficiency anemia.

Answer: Symptoms include fatigue and pale skin. Fatigue occurs because the body lacks enough iron to produce hemoglobin, which transports oxygen in the blood, leading to tiredness.

Question 3: Describe how a diet high in saturated fats can contribute to cardiovascular disease.

Answer: A diet high in saturated fats can raise LDL cholesterol levels in the blood, leading to the buildup of fatty deposits in arteries, which increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

Question 4: List three dietary sources rich in vitamin C and explain why vitamin C is important for health.

Answer: Sources include oranges, strawberries, and bell peppers. Vitamin C is important because it helps in the growth and repair of tissues, boosts immune function, and aids in iron absorption.

Question 5: Identify a health issue caused by excessive sugar intake and describe its effects on the body.

Answer: Excessive sugar intake can lead to obesity and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. It causes blood sugar levels to spike, which over time can impair insulin function.

Question 6: Draw a simple diagram to show the basic structure of a balanced meal plate, indicating the proportions of different food groups.

Answer: The diagram should show a circular plate divided into sections: half should be fruits and vegetables, one quarter should be proteins, and one quarter should be carbohydrates, with a small section for dairy.

Question 7: Explain the health risks associated with a diet low in dietary fibre.

Answer: A low-fibre diet can lead to constipation, digestive problems, and an increased risk of developing bowel diseases such as diverticulitis.

Question 8: Describe two ways in which excessive alcohol consumption can negatively affect nutritional health.

Answer: Excessive alcohol can impair the absorption of vital nutrients, leading to deficiencies, and can also cause liver damage, which affects overall metabolism and nutrient storage.

Question 9: Identify and explain the importance of hydration for maintaining good health.

Answer: Hydration is essential because water helps regulate body temperature, removes waste, and ensures proper functioning of organs and tissues.

Question 10: Sketch a food label showing the key nutritional information that should be included, such as energy content, fats, sugars, and protein.

Answer: The sketch should depict a rectangular label divided into sections labeled as 'Energy (kcal)', 'Fats', 'Sugars', 'Proteins', and possibly 'Salt', with space for numerical values and daily reference intakes.