Question 1: Explain the role of a balanced diet in preventing nutrient deficiency-related health issues.

Answer: A balanced diet provides all essential nutrients in appropriate amounts, supporting overall health and preventing deficiencies such as scurvy (vitamin C deficiency), rickets (vitamin D deficiency), and anemia (iron deficiency).

Question 2: Describe two health problems that can result from a diet high in saturated fats.

Answer: A diet high in saturated fats can lead to heart disease and obesity by increasing cholesterol levels and promoting fat accumulation in the body.

Question 3: Identify one common health condition caused by excessive sugar consumption and explain its effects.

Answer: Type 2 diabetes is a common condition caused by excessive sugar intake, leading to insulin resistance and high blood sugar levels.

Question 4: List three dietary sources rich in dietary fibre and explain why fibre is important for health.

Answer: Sources include whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Fibre aids digestion, prevents constipation, and can help control blood sugar and cholesterol levels.

Question 5: Discuss the potential health risks associated with a diet lacking in calcium.

Answer: A diet low in calcium can lead to weakened bones and teeth, increasing the risk of conditions like osteoporosis and rickets.

Question 6: Describe the effects of excessive salt intake on health.

Answer: High salt intake can raise blood pressure, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Question 7: Draw a simple diagram showing the effects of poor nutrition on the human body, including at least three organs or systems.

Answer: A correct sketch should depict organs such as the heart, bones, and digestive system, with labels indicating issues like heart disease, osteoporosis, and digestive problems caused by poor nutrition.

Question 8: Explain why vitamin D is important for bone health and how deficiency can affect the body.

Answer: Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium, which is essential for strong bones. Deficiency can cause rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, leading to soft or weak bones.

Question 9: Identify two lifestyle factors, other than diet, that can influence health issues related to nutrition.

Answer: Physical activity level and smoking can influence health; inactivity can lead to obesity, while smoking can impair nutrient absorption and increase disease risk.

Question 10: Describe the health consequences of a diet high in processed foods and sugars.

Answer: A diet high in processed foods and sugars can lead to obesity, type 2 diabetes, dental decay, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.