Question 1: Name three essential nutrients that the body needs for healthy functioning and briefly explain their main roles.

Answer: Carbohydrates provide energy; proteins are essential for growth and repair; fats supply energy and help absorb vitamins. Additionally, vitamins and minerals support various bodily functions.

Question 2: Describe how the dietary needs of a teenager differ from those of an elderly person.

Answer: Teenagers require more nutrients like proteins, calcium, and iron to support growth and development. Elderly people need fewer calories but may require more vitamin D and calcium to maintain bone health.

Question 3: Explain why athletes need a higher intake of carbohydrates compared to sedentary individuals.

Answer: Athletes need more carbohydrates to provide sustained energy for their training and performance, helping to replenish glycogen stores in muscles.

Question 4: List two dietary sources of each of the following nutrients: protein, vitamin C, and calcium.

Answer: Protein: chicken, beans; Vitamin C: oranges, strawberries; Calcium: milk, cheese.

Question 5: A person has a diet low in iron. Describe some health problems that could result from this deficiency.

Answer: Iron deficiency can lead to anaemia, causing fatigue, weakness, and reduced immune function.

Question 6: Discuss the importance of fibre in a balanced diet and name two foods that are good sources of fibre.

Answer: Fibre aids digestion, prevents constipation, and helps regulate blood sugar levels. Good sources include wholemeal bread and vegetables.

Question 7: Draw a balanced breakfast plate layout, including at least one food from each of the main food groups. Label the food groups clearly.

Answer: A correct sketch should show a plate divided into sections representing carbohydrates (e.g., toast), protein (e.g., eggs), dairy (e.g., yogurt), fruits or vegetables, with clear labels for each group.

Question 8: Explain why it is important for vegetarians to ensure they get enough sources of iron and protein in their diet.

Answer: Vegetarians do not consume animal products, which are rich sources of iron and protein. They need to include plant-based sources like beans, lentils, and fortified foods to meet their nutritional needs.

Question 9: Identify two nutrients that are often added to processed foods to improve their nutritional value and explain their benefits.

Answer: Folic acid is added to prevent neural tube defects, and iodine is added to salt to prevent goitre and support thyroid function.

Question 10: Describe how a balanced diet can help prevent lifestyle diseases such as heart disease and diabetes.

Answer: A balanced diet that is low in saturated fats, sugars, and salt, and rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help maintain healthy blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels, reducing the risk of heart disease and diabetes.