Question 1: Define the term 'nutrients' and explain why they are essential for the human body.

Answer: Nutrients are substances that the body needs to grow, repair tissues, and maintain health. They include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. They are essential because they support vital bodily functions and overall well-being.

Question 2: Name three macronutrients and give one main function for each.

Answer: Carbohydrates - provide energy; Proteins - build and repair tissues; Fats - store energy and support cell functions.

Question 3: Describe the dietary needs of a teenage athlete and explain how their nutritional requirements might differ from a sedentary teenager.

Answer: A teenage athlete requires more calories, protein, and carbohydrates to support increased energy expenditure and muscle development. They also need more vitamins and minerals, such as iron and calcium, for growth and bone health. Sedentary teenagers have lower energy needs and may require fewer calories and nutrients.

Question 4: Identify two vitamins that are important for maintaining good eyesight and describe their sources.

Answer: Vitamin A is important for eyesight, and sources include carrots, sweet potatoes, and leafy greens. Vitamin C is also important for eye health and is found in citrus fruits, strawberries, and peppers.

Question 5: Explain why a balanced diet is important for maintaining good health.

Answer: A balanced diet provides all the essential nutrients in the right proportions, supporting growth, energy levels, immune function, and the prevention of nutritional deficiencies and diseases.

Question 6: Draw a balanced meal plate divided into sections for different food groups. Label each section with the type of food it should contain.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a plate divided into sections for carbohydrates (e.g., rice, pasta), proteins (e.g., chicken, beans), vegetables (e.g., broccoli, carrots), fruits (e.g., apple, berries), and a small section for dairy or dairy alternatives. The proportions should reflect a balanced diet.

Question 7: List three sources of dietary fiber and explain why fiber is beneficial.

Answer: Sources of dietary fiber include whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Fiber aids digestion, helps maintain a healthy weight, and lowers the risk of certain diseases such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

Question 8: Describe the role of water in the human body and explain why it is considered an essential nutrient.

Answer: Water helps regulate body temperature, transports nutrients, removes waste, and keeps tissues moist. It is essential because the body cannot store water, so regular intake is necessary to stay hydrated.

Question 9: Explain the difference between 'essential' and 'non-essential' nutrients with examples.

Answer: Essential nutrients are nutrients that the body cannot produce on its own and must be obtained from food, such as vitamin C and essential amino acids. Non-essential nutrients can be made by the body, such as vitamin D (from sunlight) and some amino acids.