Question 1: Describe three nutrients that are essential for maintaining healthy bones and explain their roles.

Answer: Calcium (strengthens bones), Vitamin D (helps the absorption of calcium), Phosphorus (works with calcium to build bones).

Question 2: Explain why athletes require a higher intake of carbohydrates compared to sedentary individuals.

Answer: Athletes need more carbohydrates for energy to sustain their training and improve performance, as carbohydrates are the body's primary energy source.

Question 3: Identify two dietary adjustments that should be made for someone following a vegetarian diet to ensure they get enough iron.

Answer: Include iron-rich plant foods such as spinach and lentils, and consume vitamin C-rich foods like oranges to enhance iron absorption.

Question 4: Describe the dietary needs of a pregnant woman and how her nutritional requirements differ from those of a non-pregnant woman.

Answer: A pregnant woman needs increased intake of nutrients such as folic acid, iron, and calcium to support the baby's development and her own health, requiring more calories and specific vitamins.

Question 5: Draw a balanced meal plate showing the proportions of different food groups suitable for a teenager's lunch. Label each section.

Answer: A large section for carbohydrates (e.g., bread or rice), a smaller section for protein (e.g., chicken or beans), a portion for vegetables, and a small section for dairy or fruit.

Question 6: Explain the importance of fiber in the diet and list two food sources high in fiber.

Answer: Fiber aids digestion, prevents constipation, and helps regulate blood sugar levels. Sources include wholemeal bread and oats.

Question 7: Identify two nutrients that are often deficient in a vegan diet and suggest food sources to include to prevent deficiencies.

Answer: Vitamin B12 (found in fortified foods or supplements) and iron (found in lentils and fortified cereals).

Question 8: Describe how the nutritional needs of an elderly person differ from those of a young adult.

Answer: Elderly people require fewer calories but more nutrients like calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12 to maintain bone health and prevent deficiency-related conditions.

Question 9: Explain the role of hydration in maintaining good health and suggest two ways to ensure adequate fluid intake.

Answer: Hydration supports bodily functions, temperature regulation, and digestion. Drinking water regularly and eating water-rich foods like fruits and vegetables help maintain hydration.