Question 1: Define the term 'nutrient' and explain why they are essential for the human body.

Answer: A nutrient is a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth, development, and maintaining health. They are essential because the body cannot produce them in sufficient quantities, so they must be obtained from food.

Question 2: Identify three different nutrients that are important for energy production in the body and name one food source for each.

Answer: Carbohydrates (e.g., bread), fats (e.g., butter), and proteins (e.g., eggs) are nutrients important for energy production.

Question 3: Describe the role of dietary fibre in maintaining a healthy digestive system.

Answer: Dietary fibre helps to add bulk to the stool, promotes regular bowel movements, and prevents constipation, supporting overall digestive health.

Question 4: Explain why athletes may require a higher intake of certain nutrients compared to sedentary individuals. Name two such nutrients.

Answer: Athletes need more nutrients to repair muscles and sustain increased energy expenditure. They often require higher amounts of protein for muscle repair and carbohydrates for energy.

Question 5: List four vitamins essential for the human body and mention one food source for each.

Answer: Vitamin A (carrots), Vitamin C (oranges), Vitamin D (sunlight exposure or oily fish), Vitamin B12 (meat or dairy products).

Question 6: Draw a simple diagram to show the basic structure of a balanced meal plate. Label the sections for protein, carbohydrates, vegetables, and fats.

Answer: A circle divided into four sections: a quarter labeled 'Protein' (e.g., chicken, beans), a quarter labeled 'Carbohydrates' (e.g., rice, potatoes), a quarter labeled 'Vegetables' (e.g., broccoli, carrots), and a small section labeled 'Fats' (e.g., nuts, olive oil).

Question 7: Describe the difference between a deficiency and a toxicity of a nutrient, providing an example of each.

Answer: A deficiency occurs when there is not enough of a nutrient in the body, such as iron deficiency causing anemia. Toxicity occurs when there is an excessive intake, such as vitamin A toxicity leading to headaches and dizziness.

Question 8: Explain why it is important for individuals to have a varied diet rather than eating the same foods every day.

Answer: A varied diet ensures the intake of a wide range of nutrients necessary for overall health and prevents deficiencies or toxicities associated with consuming too much of one nutrient.

Question 9: Sketch a nutrition label for a food item, including areas for energy (kcal), protein, carbohydrate, fat, and fibre. Describe what a correct sketch would look like.

Answer: A rectangular label divided into sections labeled 'Energy', 'Protein', 'Carbohydrate', 'Fat', and 'Fibre'. Each section contains a space to write numerical values, with the labels clearly indicating the nutrient. The layout should be clear and organized for easy reading.