Question 1: List three nutrients that are essential for maintaining healthy bones and explain why each is important.

Answer: Calcium (important for bone strength), Vitamin D (helps the body absorb calcium), Phosphorus (works with calcium to build bones).

Question 2: Describe the main dietary needs of an athlete compared to a sedentary person.

Answer: An athlete requires more calories, proteins, and carbohydrates to support energy expenditure and muscle repair, while a sedentary person needs fewer calories to prevent weight gain.

Question 3: Identify two sources of dietary fibre and explain their benefits.

Answer: Sources: Whole grains and vegetables. Benefits: Aid digestion and help prevent constipation.

Question 4: Explain why vitamins are important in a balanced diet and give two examples of vitamins and their functions.

Answer: Vitamins are essential for various bodily functions and disease prevention. Examples: Vitamin C (boosts the immune system), Vitamin A (important for vision).

Question 5: Draw a simple diagram showing the basic structure of a balanced meal plate. Label the sections for carbohydrates, proteins, vegetables, and fats.

Answer: A circular plate divided into four sections: a large section for vegetables, a slightly smaller section for carbohydrates, a small section for proteins, and a small section for healthy fats.

Question 6: Describe the dietary needs of a vegetarian compared to a non-vegetarian. Include at least two nutrients that need special attention.

Answer: Vegetarians need to ensure they get enough protein (from beans, lentils, tofu) and vitamin B12 (from fortified foods or supplements) since these are less available in plant-based diets.

Question 7: Identify two minerals important for blood health and explain their roles.

Answer: Iron (necessary for oxygen transport in blood) and folate (important for red blood cell formation).

Question 8: Sketch a simple chart or table that compares the nutritional needs of children, teenagers, and elderly people.

Answer: A table with columns for age groups and rows for key nutrients, indicating higher needs for calcium and vitamin D in children and elderly, and increased iron in teenagers.

Question 9: Explain the importance of hydration and list two signs of dehydration.

Answer: Hydration is vital for bodily functions like temperature regulation and waste removal. Signs of dehydration include dry mouth and dark urine.

Question 10: Describe how a person’s dietary needs might change if they become pregnant.

Answer: Pregnant women need increased intake of folate, iron, and calcium to support the developing baby and maintain their own health.