Question 1: Identify three nutrients that are essential for maintaining healthy bones and explain their role in bone health.

Answer: Calcium (helps build and maintain strong bones and teeth), Vitamin D (aids in calcium absorption and bone growth), Phosphorus (works with calcium to form bones and teeth).

Question 2: Describe the dietary needs of an active teenager compared to a sedentary adult. How might their nutritional requirements differ?

Answer: An active teenager requires more calories, protein, vitamins, and minerals to support growth, energy levels, and physical activity. A sedentary adult needs fewer calories and may require less protein, focusing on maintaining health and preventing weight gain.

Question 3: List four foods that are good sources of dietary fibre and explain why fibre is important for the body.

Answer: Wholegrain bread, oats, fruits (like apples and berries), vegetables (such as carrots and broccoli). Fibre aids digestion, prevents constipation, helps control blood sugar levels, and supports weight management.

Question 4: Explain the difference between macronutrients and micronutrients. Give two examples of each.

Answer: Macronutrients are nutrients needed in large amounts for energy and body functions, such as carbohydrates and proteins. Micronutrients are needed in smaller amounts for health, such as vitamins (Vitamin C, Vitamin A) and minerals (iron, calcium).

Question 5: Draw a balanced plate for a lunch meal, including food groups and portion sizes. Use the large blank space provided.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a plate divided into sections: about half with vegetables and salad, a quarter with a portion of lean protein (like chicken or beans), and a quarter with carbohydrate (like rice or bread). Include small portions of dairy or fruit if applicable.

Question 6: Identify two nutrients that are important for maintaining healthy skin and explain their functions.

Answer: Vitamin A (helps repair skin tissue and maintain healthy skin), Vitamin C (aids in collagen production and skin healing).

Question 7: A vegetarian diet excludes meat but still needs to provide adequate iron. Name two plant-based sources of iron and explain how absorption can be improved.

Answer: Lentils and spinach are good plant-based sources of iron. Consuming vitamin C-rich foods like citrus fruits alongside iron-rich foods can enhance iron absorption.

Question 8: Explain why hydration is important for overall health and describe two signs that indicate someone may be dehydrated.

Answer: Hydration maintains body temperature, supports digestion, and keeps tissues healthy. Signs of dehydration include dark urine and feeling thirsty or dizzy.

Question 9: Sketch a simple food label that includes calories, serving size, and key nutrients. Use the large blank space provided.

Answer: A correct sketch would include a label with clear markings for calories per serving, serving size, and listed amounts of nutrients like fat, carbohydrate, protein, and fibre.