Question 1: Explain what is meant by a balanced diet and why it is important for maintaining good health.

Answer: A balanced diet includes the correct proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water to meet the body's needs. It is important because it supports growth, repair, and overall health, preventing nutritional deficiencies and reducing the risk of chronic diseases.

Question 2: Describe two health problems that can result from a deficiency of vitamin C.

Answer: Scurvy, which causes fatigue, swollen gums, and bleeding; and delayed wound healing due to impaired collagen formation.

Question 3: Identify a nutrient that is excessive in a typical high-fat fast food meal and explain how this excess can affect health.

Answer: Fat, particularly saturated fat, can be excessive. Excessive intake can lead to weight gain, increased cholesterol levels, and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease.

Question 4: Explain the role of dietary fibre in maintaining digestive health.

Answer: Dietary fibre adds bulk to the stool, promotes regular bowel movements, and helps prevent constipation. It can also support a healthy gut microbiome.

Question 5: List three symptoms of iron deficiency anemia.

Answer: Fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.

Question 6: Describe how excess sugar intake can impact dental health.

Answer: Excess sugar promotes the growth of bacteria that produce acids, leading to tooth decay and cavities.

Question 7: Draw a simple diagram of a human digestive system, indicating the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Label each part.

Answer: A correct sketch would show the outline of the human torso with the digestive organs positioned appropriately: the stomach as a curved pouch below the diaphragm, the small intestine as a long coiled tube occupying most of the abdominal area, and the large intestine framing the small intestine with a wider tube ending at the rectum.

Question 8: Explain the health risks associated with a diet high in processed foods and sugars.

Answer: A diet high in processed foods and sugars can lead to obesity, type 2 diabetes, tooth decay, and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases due to high levels of unhealthy fats, sugar, and salt.

Question 9: Suggest two ways to improve a diet that is lacking in essential vitamins and minerals.

Answer: Include a variety of fruits and vegetables in daily meals, and choose wholegrain products over refined grains to boost vitamin and mineral intake.

Question 10: Discuss the potential health consequences of a long-term vegetarian diet that is poorly planned.

Answer: A poorly planned vegetarian diet may lead to deficiencies in nutrients such as vitamin B12, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids, which can cause anemia, fatigue, neurological issues, and impaired growth and development.