Question 1: Explain the term 'malnutrition' and describe two different health problems that can result from it.

Answer: Malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a person's intake of nutrients. Two health problems caused by malnutrition include scurvy, which results from a deficiency of vitamin C, and obesity, caused by excessive intake of calories and fats.

Question 2: List three common health issues associated with a diet high in saturated fats.

Answer: Three common health issues are heart disease, high cholesterol levels, and stroke.

Question 3: Describe how a deficiency in iron can affect the body, and name a condition that results from this deficiency.

Answer: A deficiency in iron can lead to anemia, which causes fatigue, weakness, and pale skin because iron is essential for hemoglobin production in red blood cells.

Question 4: Identify two dietary sources rich in vitamin D and explain why vitamin D is important for health.

Answer: Two sources rich in vitamin D are sunlight exposure and oily fish like salmon. Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption, helping to maintain healthy bones and teeth.

Question 5: Discuss the potential health consequences of consuming too much sugar regularly.

Answer: Consuming too much sugar can lead to weight gain, increased risk of type 2 diabetes, tooth decay, and metabolic issues.

Question 6: Draw a simple plate showing a balanced meal based on the UK dietary guidelines. Label the main food groups included.

Answer: The sketch should depict a plate divided into sections representing carbohydrates (e.g., rice, pasta), vegetables, protein (e.g., chicken, beans), and a small portion of fats or dairy. Labels should identify each food group.

Question 7: Explain the link between a poor diet and the development of type 2 diabetes.

Answer: A poor diet high in sugars and unhealthy fats can lead to obesity and insulin resistance, which increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Question 8: Identify and describe two ways to improve nutritional health if someone is diagnosed with a deficiency in vitamin C.

Answer: They can increase their intake of vitamin C-rich foods such as oranges and strawberries, and include more fresh fruits and vegetables in their daily diet.

Question 9: Sketch a food label for a breakfast cereal, including key information such as serving size, energy content, and main nutrients.

Answer: The sketch should include a rectangular box with sections for 'Serving Size,' 'Calories (kcal),' 'Protein,' 'Carbohydrates,' 'Fats,' and 'Sugar,' with approximate figures and labels.

Question 10: Summarise why a balanced diet is essential for preventing health issues related to poor nutrition.

Answer: A balanced diet provides all necessary nutrients in appropriate amounts, supporting overall health, preventing deficiencies, and reducing the risk of diet-related diseases.