Question 1: Define malnutrition and explain how it can affect an individual's health.

Answer: Malnutrition is a condition resulting from an imbalance in a person's intake of nutrients, either through deficiency or excess. It can lead to health problems such as weakened immunity, stunted growth, and increased susceptibility to illness.

Question 2: List three health issues that can arise from a diet high in saturated fats.

Answer: Three health issues include increased risk of heart disease, high cholesterol levels, and obesity.

Question 3: Describe the role of dietary fibre in maintaining digestive health.

Answer: Dietary fibre adds bulk to stool, helps regulate bowel movements, and prevents constipation, thereby maintaining a healthy digestive system.

Question 4: Identify two nutrients that are essential for bone health and explain why.

Answer: Calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone health. Calcium strengthens bones, while vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium effectively.

Question 5: Explain the health risks associated with a diet deficient in vitamin C.

Answer: A deficiency in vitamin C can lead to scurvy, which causes fatigue, bleeding gums, and impaired wound healing.

Question 6: Draw a balanced plate showing the proportion of different food groups recommended for a healthy diet. Label each section clearly.

Answer: A correct sketch would include a plate divided into sections: approximately half for fruits and vegetables, a quarter for starchy carbohydrates, and a quarter for protein sources, with a small section for dairy or dairy alternatives.

Question 7: Identify and describe two common health issues caused by excessive sugar consumption.

Answer: Excessive sugar intake can lead to obesity and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

Question 8: Sketch a simple food diary layout for a day, including sections for breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks. Ensure each section has space for recording food items and portion sizes.

Answer: A correct sketch would have a vertical list with four main sections labeled: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner, Snacks. Each section includes lines or boxes for recording food items and approximate portion sizes.

Question 9: Discuss how poor nutrition can contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease.

Answer: Poor nutrition, such as diets high in saturated fats and trans fats, can lead to increased blood cholesterol levels, which contribute to the build-up of plaques in arteries, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Question 10: Identify two dietary modifications that can help reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Answer: Reducing intake of sugary foods and drinks and increasing consumption of high-fibre foods can help lower the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.