Question 1: Explain the role of calcium in maintaining healthy bones and teeth. Why might a deficiency in calcium lead to health problems?

Answer: Calcium is essential for building and maintaining strong bones and teeth. A deficiency can lead to weakened bones, increasing the risk of conditions like osteoporosis and dental problems.

Question 2: Describe two health issues that can result from a diet high in saturated fats. How do these fats affect the body?

Answer: A diet high in saturated fats can lead to heart disease and obesity. Saturated fats can raise LDL cholesterol levels, which can clog arteries and increase the risk of cardiovascular problems.

Question 3: Identify three sources of dietary fibre and explain how fibre benefits digestive health.

Answer: Sources include whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Fibre adds bulk to stool, helps prevent constipation, and supports overall digestive health.

Question 4: Discuss the health risks associated with a diet deficient in vitamin C. Include at least two specific issues.

Answer: Vitamin C deficiency can cause scurvy, leading to symptoms like bleeding gums and fatigue. It also impairs the immune system, making the body more vulnerable to infections.

Question 5: Draw a simple diagram of a balanced meal plate, including sections for carbohydrates, proteins, vegetables, and fats. Label each section clearly.

Answer: A circle divided into four sections: a large section for carbohydrates (e.g., rice, bread), a smaller section for proteins (e.g., meat, beans), a section for vegetables (e.g., leafy greens, carrots), and a small section for fats (e.g., butter, oils).

Question 6: Describe the difference between essential and non-essential nutrients. Provide two examples of each.

Answer: Essential nutrients are nutrients the body cannot produce on its own and must be obtained from food, such as vitamin D and amino acids. Non-essential nutrients can be made by the body, like cholesterol and non-essential amino acids.

Question 7: Identify two health problems caused by excessive salt intake and explain how reducing salt can benefit health.

Answer: Excessive salt intake can lead to high blood pressure and increased risk of heart disease. Reducing salt helps lower blood pressure and reduces strain on the cardiovascular system.

Question 8: Explain how a diet lacking in iron can affect the body, particularly in relation to blood health.

Answer: Iron deficiency can cause anemia, leading to fatigue, weakness, and reduced oxygen transport in the blood due to fewer healthy red blood cells.

Question 9: Sketch a healthy snack that provides a good source of protein and fibre. Label the main ingredients and explain why they are nutritious choices.

Answer: A correct sketch would include items like a handful of nuts and a serving of fresh fruit or vegetables. Labels should highlight nuts as a source of protein and healthy fats, and the fruit/vegetables as sources of fibre and vitamins.