Question 1: Describe the greenhouse effect and explain how it contributes to global warming.

Answer: The greenhouse effect occurs when certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, trap heat from the Sun. This trapped heat warms the Earth's surface, leading to global temperature rise, which is known as global warming.

Question 2: Identify three natural factors that can influence the climate of the UK.

Answer: Natural factors include variations in solar radiation, volcanic eruptions that release particles into the atmosphere, and ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream.

Question 3: Explain how human activities have contributed to climate change.

Answer: Human activities like burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes release large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, enhancing the greenhouse effect and contributing to global warming.

Question 4: Describe two ways in which climate change is expected to affect the weather patterns in the UK.

Answer: Climate change may lead to more frequent and severe storms and heavy rainfall, as well as milder winters and hotter summers due to increased average temperatures.

Question 5: Assess the potential impact of rising sea levels on the UK’s coastal areas.

Answer: Rising sea levels can lead to flooding of low-lying coastal regions, loss of habitats, increased erosion, and damage to infrastructure. This could threaten communities, agriculture, and ecosystems along the coast.

Question 6: Draw a simple diagram illustrating the greenhouse effect. Label the key parts: Sun, Earth, greenhouse gases, and heat radiation.

Answer: A correct sketch would show the Sun emitting rays towards Earth, with some heat reflecting back into space and some trapped by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which then radiate heat back towards Earth.

Question 7: Sketch a diagram of the UK’s climate zones, indicating areas with the mildest and most extreme weather. Use labels to describe each zone.

Answer: The sketch should depict the UK divided into zones: the west and south experiencing milder, wetter climate due to Atlantic influence, and the east and north experiencing more extreme temperatures and drier conditions.

Question 8: Propose two strategies that can be used to reduce the UK’s contribution to climate change. Explain how each strategy helps.

Answer: One strategy is increasing renewable energy sources like wind and solar power, which reduces reliance on fossil fuels. Another is promoting energy efficiency in homes and industries to decrease overall carbon emissions.

Question 9: Evaluate the effectiveness of government policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions in the UK.

Answer: Government policies such as the Climate Change Act and subsidies for renewable energy have been effective in reducing emissions and promoting sustainable practices. However, challenges remain due to continued reliance on fossil fuels and international commitments. Overall, they are positive but require ongoing commitment and enforcement.