Question 1: Explain the difference between a bar chart and a pie chart. Include at least two advantages of each for presenting geographical data.

Answer: A bar chart uses rectangular bars to compare quantities across categories, while a pie chart shows proportions of a whole. Advantages of a bar chart include easy comparison of categories and clear display of differences; advantages of a pie chart include visual representation of parts of a whole and simplicity in showing percentage shares.

Question 2: A graph shows the population growth of a city over 10 years, with years on the x-axis and population on the y-axis. Describe two ways you could analyse this data to identify trends.

Answer: One way is to look for periods of rapid growth or decline by observing the steepness of the line. Another way is to identify any consistent increase or decrease over the years, indicating overall trends.

Question 3: You are provided with a table showing average annual rainfall in four different regions. Describe how you would use a line graph to compare the rainfall patterns across these regions throughout the year.

Answer: Plot the months on the x-axis and rainfall amounts on the y-axis. Draw four separate lines, each representing a region, with different colours or styles. This allows comparison of rainfall trends and patterns across regions over the year.

Question 4: Describe the key features of a histogram and explain how it differs from a bar chart.

Answer: A histogram displays data grouped into continuous ranges (bins) with bars touching each other to indicate continuous data, unlike a bar chart where bars are separated and categories are discrete. It is used to show the distribution of data such as population age groups.

Question 5: A student is asked to present data on the distribution of different land types in a region. They decide to use a pie chart. What are two important considerations they should keep in mind when creating the pie chart?

Answer: They should ensure that the total of all segments equals 100%, and each segment accurately reflects the proportion of each land type relative to the whole. Additionally, they should use distinct colours for clarity.

Question 6: Sketch a bar chart to compare the average annual temperatures of five different cities. Label the axes clearly and ensure the bars are evenly spaced.

Answer: A correct sketch would include a vertical or horizontal bar chart with city names on one axis and temperature on the other. Each city has a distinct bar representing its average temperature, with consistent spacing and clear labels.

Question 7: Describe how a scatter diagram can be used to explore the relationship between two variables, such as altitude and temperature.

Answer: A scatter diagram plots data points with one variable on the x-axis and the other on the y-axis. It helps to identify if there is a correlation, such as whether temperature decreases as altitude increases, by observing the pattern of points.

Question 8: Explain why it is important to include units of measurement and a clear title when presenting data in a graph or chart.

Answer: Including units ensures that the data is understood correctly and allows for accurate interpretation. A clear title provides context, making it obvious what the graph or chart represents.

Question 9: Design a simple table to display the population of five different countries, including columns for country name, population, and percentage of world population. Leave space for data entry.

Answer: A table with three columns: 'Country Name', 'Population', and '% of World Population'. Rows for five countries with blank spaces to fill in respective data.