Question 1: Explain the main reasons why some traditional manufacturing industries in the UK have declined since the 1970s.

Answer: Reasons include global competition, automation and technological advances reducing the need for human labour, high production costs, and the shift towards a service-based economy.

Question 2: Describe how the regeneration of former industrial areas, such as docklands or factories, can benefit local communities.

Answer: Regeneration can create new jobs, improve infrastructure, attract investment, increase property values, and provide recreational and cultural facilities for residents.

Question 3: Identify and explain two ways in which the UK has diversified its economy in recent decades.

Answer: The UK has developed the financial services sector in London and expanded the technology and digital industries, reducing reliance on manufacturing.

Question 4: Assess the positive and negative impacts of a new technology park established in a previously industrial area.

Answer: Positives include job creation, attracting investment, and modernising the local economy. Negatives may involve disruption to local communities, increased property prices, and environmental concerns.

Question 5: Draw a labelled sketch of a typical modern business park or technology hub. Include at least three features such as office buildings, green spaces, and transport links.

Answer: A correct sketch would show several office blocks or tech buildings, pathways or roads for transport, green areas or parks, and signs of accessibility like bus stops or parking areas.

Question 6: Using a case study of a UK city, describe how economic change has affected employment patterns in that area.

Answer: In cities like Manchester, the decline of textiles and manufacturing led to unemployment, but regeneration projects and the growth of the service sector have created new jobs in finance, digital media, and education.

Question 7: Explain the concept of deindustrialisation and how it has contributed to economic change in the UK.

Answer: Deindustrialisation is the decline of manufacturing industries, leading to job losses and economic restructuring, often resulting in increased reliance on services and technology sectors.

Question 8: Identify three challenges faced by communities experiencing economic decline due to industrial decline.

Answer: Challenges include high unemployment, urban decay, social deprivation, and loss of community identity.

Question 9: Suggest two policies or strategies the UK government could use to support areas affected by economic change.

Answer: Policies could include providing retraining and education programs for workers and investing in infrastructure and new industries to attract investment.