Question 1: Describe the steps you would take to measure the width of a river at a specific point during a fieldwork survey.

Answer: First, select a straight section of the river. Use a tape measure or a measuring rod to measure the distance across from one bank to the other at right angles to the flow. Record the measurement accurately and repeat at least twice to ensure reliability.

Question 2: Explain why it is important to take multiple readings of a variable, such as temperature or pH, during a field study.

Answer: Taking multiple readings helps to ensure accuracy and reliability by identifying anomalies or errors. It allows for calculating an average, which provides a more representative measurement of the variable.

Question 3: List three safety precautions you should follow when conducting a field survey near a river.

Answer: Wear appropriate footwear to prevent slipping, be cautious of fast-moving water, and avoid conducting measurements during bad weather or when the river is swollen.

Question 4: Sketch a simple diagram of a grid or transect line used in fieldwork. The sketch should include the line, sampling points, and a key.

Answer: A straight horizontal or vertical line labeled as 'transect line', with evenly spaced points marked along it. Include labels for 'sampling point 1', 'sampling point 2', etc., and a key explaining symbols or markings used.

Question 5: Imagine you are recording the types of land use along a route in a city. Describe how you would systematically record your observations.

Answer: Use a recording sheet divided into sections for each land use type. As you move along the route, note the land use at regular intervals or at each distinct change, recording descriptions or abbreviations for each type such as residential, commercial, industrial, park, etc.

Question 6: Explain what is meant by 'sampling' in fieldwork and give an example related to measuring the height of trees in a park.

Answer: Sampling involves selecting a manageable number of locations or objects to study to represent a larger area. For example, choosing specific trees at regular intervals along a path to measure their height, rather than measuring every tree in the park.

Question 7: Describe how you would ensure your data collection is fair and unbiased during a survey of foot traffic in a shopping area.

Answer: Choose consistent times for data collection, such as during the same hours on different days. Use the same method for counting pedestrians, and avoid influencing the behavior of shoppers during the survey.

Question 8: Draw a simple bar graph to display hypothetical data of the number of people visiting a park in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Label your axes clearly.

Answer: A bar graph with three bars representing morning, afternoon, and evening. The x-axis labeled with the time periods, and the y-axis showing the number of visitors. Bars should be proportional to the data, with a clear title and labeled axes.

Question 9: Why is it important to record the date and weather conditions during fieldwork?

Answer: Weather and date can influence the data collected, such as foot traffic or water levels. Recording these conditions allows for better interpretation of results and comparison with other data collected under different conditions.

Question 10: Identify two methods you could use to analyze the data collected from a survey of soil types in an area.

Answer: You could categorize the soil types and calculate the percentage of each type present, or create a frequency table to show how often each soil type appears across different sample points.