Question 1: Describe what is meant by a natural hazard. Give two examples of hazards that could occur in the UK.

Answer: A natural hazard is a natural event that has the potential to cause damage or danger to people, property, or the environment. Examples in the UK include floods and storms.

Question 2: Explain the difference between a hazard and a disaster.

Answer: A hazard is a natural event that could cause harm, whereas a disaster occurs when the hazard actually causes significant damage, loss of life, or destruction.

Question 3: Identify and describe two factors that influence the severity of a hazard's impact on a community.

Answer: Factors include the population density, where more people increase potential harm, and the level of preparedness or warning systems, which can reduce impact.

Question 4: Describe how a volcanic eruption can affect the environment and local communities.

Answer: A volcanic eruption can destroy landscapes, cause ash fall that affects air quality and health, disrupt transportation, and lead to evacuation of communities, while also enriching soils over time.

Question 5: Explain why some areas are more prone to earthquakes than others. Use specific examples to support your answer.

Answer: Areas near tectonic plate boundaries, such as Japan or California, are more prone to earthquakes because of the movement of the Earth's plates. These regions experience frequent fault activity.

Question 6: Sketch a simple diagram to show how a tsunami is generated by an undersea earthquake. Label the key parts of your diagram.

Answer: A correct sketch would show an undersea fault line where an earthquake occurs, the displacement of water causing a wave that travels across the ocean towards the coast, with labels for the fault, water displacement, wave propagation, and coastline.

Question 7: Describe three methods that communities can use to prepare for hurricanes or tropical storms.

Answer: Methods include developing early warning systems, creating evacuation plans, and constructing buildings to withstand strong winds.

Question 8: Identify a hazard that is increasing in frequency or intensity due to climate change. Explain the reason for this increase.

Answer: Flooding is increasing due to climate change because of more intense and frequent heavy rainfall and rising sea levels.

Question 9: Draw a diagram to illustrate the difference between a primary and a secondary hazard caused by an earthquake. Include examples and labels.

Answer: A correct diagram would show primary hazards such as building collapse and broken pipes, and secondary hazards like fires and tsunamis, with arrows indicating the sequence from earthquake to these hazards.

Question 10: Describe the role of human activity in increasing the risk of natural hazards, providing an example.

Answer: Human activities like deforestation can increase flood risk by reducing natural barriers to water flow, and urbanisation can increase vulnerability to hazards like flooding and landslides.