Question 1: Define the term 'deindustrialisation' and explain one possible reason why it occurs in a region.

Answer: Deindustrialisation is the decline of manufacturing industries in a region. It can occur due to factors such as automation, global competition, or relocation of factories to countries with cheaper labour.

Question 2: Describe two ways in which a country might attract foreign investment to support economic growth.

Answer: A country might offer tax incentives to companies or improve infrastructure such as roads and ports to make investment more attractive.

Question 3: Explain how the decline of traditional manufacturing industries can impact local communities.

Answer: It can lead to job losses, reduced income for families, and economic decline in the community, which may also affect local services and infrastructure.

Question 4: Identify and explain two advantages of developing a tourism industry in a region.

Answer: Tourism can create jobs and generate income for local businesses, and it can also promote cultural exchange and regional development.

Question 5: Describe a scenario where a region transitions from an industrial economy to a service-based economy. Include at least two changes that might occur.

Answer: In such a transition, factories might close as manufacturing declines, replaced by offices and service centres. Employment shifts from factory work to jobs in finance, healthcare, or retail, and there may be a change in the skills required by the workforce.

Question 6: Draw a simple flowchart illustrating the process of economic development in a developing country, starting from agriculture to industrial and then to service industries.

Answer: A correct flowchart would show arrows leading from Agriculture to Industry (manufacturing), then from Industry to Services (retail, finance, tourism), indicating progression over time.

Question 7: Identify a region in the UK that has experienced significant economic change in recent decades. Describe the changes that have taken place.

Answer: The Midlands, where traditional manufacturing industries like car production and steelworks have declined, replaced by a focus on services, logistics, and technology industries.

Question 8: Sketch a labelled diagram of a typical free-trade zone and explain how it can boost economic activity.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a designated area near a port or border, with symbols for customs and tax exemptions. The explanation should include that free-trade zones reduce tariffs and regulations, encouraging companies to set up factories or warehouses there, boosting trade and employment.

Question 9: Evaluate the impacts of globalisation on local industries in a developing country.

Answer: Globalisation can bring investment and access to international markets, increasing exports and employment. However, it may also lead to local industries struggling to compete with cheaper foreign goods, potentially causing job losses and economic dependency.

Question 10: Explain how technological advances have contributed to economic change in urban areas.

Answer: Advances like the internet, automation, and improved transport have created new industries, increased efficiency, and attracted businesses, leading to urban growth and diversification of the economy.