Question 1: Define the term 'economic development' and explain how it differs from economic growth.

Answer: Economic development refers to improvements in living standards, education, health, and infrastructure within a country, whereas economic growth primarily measures an increase in a country's total output or GDP. Development is broader and includes social and environmental factors.

Question 2: Describe two ways in which a country might experience economic change due to technological advancements.

Answer: Technological advancements can lead to increased productivity, creating more jobs and higher income levels. They can also lead to the development of new industries or improve existing ones, boosting exports and economic growth.

Question 3: Explain the term 'deindustrialisation' and discuss two possible reasons why it might occur in a region.

Answer: Deindustrialisation is the decline of manufacturing industries in a region. It might occur due to the relocation of factories to countries with lower labour costs, advancements in automation reducing the need for human workers, or shifts towards a service-based economy.

Question 4: Identify and describe three positive effects of economic change on a local community.

Answer: Positive effects include increased employment opportunities, improved infrastructure and services, and higher income levels leading to better quality of life and access to education and healthcare.

Question 5: Identify and describe three negative effects of rapid economic change on a local community.

Answer: Negative effects include environmental degradation from increased industrial activity, social inequality as benefits may not be evenly distributed, and displacement of residents due to urban development projects.

Question 6: Draw a simple flow diagram showing how foreign direct investment (FDI) can lead to economic development in a developing country.

Answer: A correct sketch would depict FDI entering a developing country, leading to new factories or businesses, which create jobs and increase income, resulting in improved living standards and further economic growth.

Question 7: Sketch a diagram to compare the economic structure of a pre-industrial society and a post-industrial society. Label key features such as main industries and employment sectors.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a pre-industrial society with a high percentage of agriculture and low industry/services, while a post-industrial society would have a predominance of services and technology, with less reliance on agriculture.

Question 8: Evaluate the impact of globalisation on local industries in a country of your choice. Use specific examples in your answer.

Answer: Globalisation can lead to increased competition from international companies, which may threaten local industries. For example, local textile factories might struggle against cheaper imports from abroad, but it can also provide access to new markets and technology, boosting economic growth.

Question 9: Identify and explain two measures a government might take to manage economic change in a region experiencing decline in traditional industries.

Answer: Governments can invest in retraining programs to help workers transition to new sectors, and they can promote diversification by encouraging new industries or tourism to reduce reliance on declining industries.

Question 10: Discuss how economic change can affect environmental sustainability, providing an example to support your point.

Answer: Economic change can lead to environmental degradation if industries exploit natural resources unsustainably, such as deforestation for logging or land clearance for agriculture. Conversely, it can also promote sustainability through investments in green technology and renewable energy sources.