Question 1: Explain the concept of sustainable resource management and why it is important for future generations.

Answer: Sustainable resource management involves using resources in a way that meets current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It is important to prevent resource depletion, protect ecosystems, and ensure long-term economic and social stability.

Question 2: Describe two methods used by farmers to make agriculture more sustainable.

Answer: Farmers may use crop rotation to improve soil health and reduce pests, and implement organic farming practices to minimize chemical use and protect the environment.

Question 3: Identify and explain two challenges faced by countries in managing water resources sustainably.

Answer: Challenges include over-extraction of groundwater leading to depletion, and pollution from industrial and agricultural runoff contaminating water supplies, both of which threaten access to clean water.

Question 4: Discuss how the discovery and use of fossil fuels have impacted global resource management and environmental sustainability.

Answer: Fossil fuels have powered industrial development and economic growth but have also led to environmental issues such as air pollution and climate change. Their finite nature poses sustainability challenges, prompting a shift towards renewable energy sources.

Question 5: Sketch a diagram to illustrate the water cycle, including at least four key processes.

Answer: A correct sketch would show processes such as evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection, with arrows indicating movement between these stages.

Question 6: Describe the concept of recycling and its role in resource management. Provide two examples of recyclable materials.

Answer: Recycling involves processing used materials to make new products, reducing waste and conserving resources. Examples include paper and aluminum cans.

Question 7: Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of relying on renewable energy sources for resource management.

Answer: Advantages include reduced greenhouse gas emissions, sustainable supply, and decreased reliance on finite resources. Disadvantages may include high initial costs, intermittent supply (e.g., wind and solar), and the need for suitable infrastructure.

Question 8: Sketch a diagram of a solar panel system, labeling its main components and explaining how it converts sunlight into electricity.

Answer: A correct sketch would show solar panels connected to an inverter and a battery storage system, with arrows indicating sunlight hitting the panels and electricity flow to a household or grid.

Question 9: Identify two ways governments can promote sustainable resource management among citizens.

Answer: Governments can implement policies such as taxes or incentives to encourage conservation, and run public awareness campaigns to educate citizens about sustainable practices.

Question 10: Explain what is meant by 'resource depletion' and provide an example related to energy resources.

Answer: Resource depletion refers to the consumption of resources faster than they can be naturally replenished. An example is the overuse of coal, leading to a decline in available coal reserves.