Question 1: Define the term 'resource management' and explain why it is important for sustainable development.

Answer: Resource management involves planning and controlling the use of natural and human resources to ensure they are used efficiently and sustainably. It is important for sustainable development because it helps balance current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Question 2: Identify and describe two examples of renewable resources and two examples of non-renewable resources.

Answer: Renewable resources include solar energy (captured from the sun) and wind energy (harvested from moving air). Non-renewable resources include coal (a fossil fuel formed over millions of years) and iron ore (a mineral extracted for steel production).

Question 3: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using nuclear power as an energy resource.

Answer: Advantages of nuclear power include low greenhouse gas emissions and a large energy output from a small amount of fuel. Disadvantages include the risk of nuclear accidents, radioactive waste management issues, and high costs of plant construction and decommissioning.

Question 4: Describe how urbanisation can impact local water resources, providing two specific examples.

Answer: Urbanisation can lead to increased water demand for domestic and industrial use, which may deplete local water sources. For example, the expansion of cities can cause increased surface runoff, leading to flooding and pollution of water bodies. Additionally, pollution from urban areas can contaminate local water supplies, making water unsafe for consumption.

Question 5: Explain the concept of 'resource sustainability' and give one example of a sustainable practice.

Answer: Resource sustainability involves using resources in a way that meets current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. An example is practicing crop rotation in agriculture to maintain soil fertility.

Question 6: Draw a diagram of a typical water cycle, including key processes and labels.

Answer: A correct sketch would include labels for evaporation, condensation, precipitation, collection, and infiltration, illustrating how water moves through the environment in a continuous cycle.

Question 7: Identify three human activities that significantly contribute to environmental degradation and briefly explain their impact.

Answer: Deforestation reduces biodiversity and increases soil erosion; fossil fuel burning releases greenhouse gases contributing to climate change; overfishing depletes fish populations and disrupts marine ecosystems.

Question 8: Suggest two strategies that governments can implement to promote sustainable resource use among citizens.

Answer: Governments can promote recycling programs to reduce waste and implement policies encouraging the use of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power.

Question 9: Describe how resource management differs between developed and developing countries, providing one example of each.

Answer: Developed countries often have advanced technology and strict regulations for resource management, such as recycling systems. Developing countries may have limited infrastructure, leading to overexploitation of resources, such as deforestation for agriculture or fuel. For example, Japan invests in waste recycling, while the Amazon rainforest faces deforestation for logging and farming.