Question 1: Describe the steps you would take to locate the city of London on a standard map that includes a scale, compass rose, and various symbols for towns and geographical features.

Answer: First, identify the symbol representing London on the map's legend. Then, use the compass rose to determine the direction (north) and locate London accordingly. Use the scale to estimate the distance from a known reference point if needed.

Question 2: A map shows a river flowing from the north to the south. The river passes through three towns: A, B, and C. Town A is located at the river's source, Town C at the mouth, and Town B between them. Describe how you would trace the river's direction and identify the relative positions of the towns.

Answer: Identify the source of the river at the top of the map (north) and follow its flow downward (south). Locate Towns A, B, and C along the river's course in order, noting that A is upstream (north) and C downstream (south), with B in between.

Question 3: Using a map with a grid reference system, explain how you would find the grid reference for a mountain located in the grid square that is three squares east and two squares south of the grid square at the top-left corner.

Answer: Identify the grid square at the top-left corner as the starting point. Moving three squares east increases the easting coordinate by three, and moving two squares south increases the northing coordinate by two. The combined grid reference is then (easting, northing).

Question 4: Explain how contour lines on a topographic map can be used to identify the steepness of a hillside.

Answer: Contour lines that are close together indicate a steep slope, while lines that are spaced further apart suggest a gentler incline. By observing the spacing, one can assess the gradient of the hillside.

Question 5: Draw a simple sketch of a compass rose showing the four main directions (North, East, South, West) and four intermediate directions (Northeast, Southeast, Southwest, Northwest). Label each direction clearly.

Answer: A compass rose with a central circle or point, with arrows pointing in eight directions. North at the top, East to the right, South at the bottom, West to the left. Northeast between North and East, Southeast between South and East, Southwest between South and West, Northwest between North and West.

Question 6: A map features a railway line running from the southwest to the northeast. Describe how you would determine the approximate direction of the railway line using the map's compass rose.

Answer: Identify the compass rose to determine the orientation of the map. Find the railway line and note its general direction relative to the compass rose, confirming it runs from the southwest corner toward the northeast corner, indicating a northeast-southwest orientation.

Question 7: Explain how you would estimate the distance between two towns on a map if you know the map's scale is 1:50,000 and the two towns are 4 centimeters apart on the map.

Answer: Convert the map distance to real-world distance by multiplying the map measurement by the scale factor. Since 1 cm on the map represents 50,000 cm in reality, 4 cm represents 4 × 50,000 cm = 200,000 cm. Convert to kilometers: 200,000 cm ÷ 100,000 = 2 km. Therefore, the towns are approximately 2 kilometers apart.

Question 8: Sketch a simple cross-section profile of a river valley showing the river, valley sides, and a flat floodplain at the river's edge. Label each feature.

Answer: A side-view drawing showing the river flowing through the valley, with sloped sides (valley sides) ascending away from the river, and a flat area (floodplain) at the river's edge. The river should be depicted as a wavy line, with labels indicating each feature.

Question 9: Describe how a scale bar on a map can be used to measure real-world distances between locations.

Answer: Use the scale bar to compare the length of the distance between two points on the map. For example, if the scale bar shows that 1 cm equals 1 km, then measure the distance between the locations with a ruler and convert that measurement into kilometers using the scale bar.

Question 10: Identify and explain two advantages of using a map with a grid reference system for navigation.

Answer: First, grid references allow for precise location identification, making navigation accurate. Second, they enable quick communication of locations, as grid references are easy to record and share, reducing confusion.