Question 1: Explain the greenhouse effect and how it contributes to global warming.

Answer: The greenhouse effect occurs when certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat from the sun. This trapped heat warms the Earth's surface, leading to an increase in global temperatures, contributing to global warming.

Question 2: Identify three natural factors that can influence the Earth's climate and briefly describe their effects.

Answer: Natural factors include volcanic eruptions (which can cool the climate temporarily by releasing ash blocking sunlight), solar radiation variations (which can cause warming or cooling periods), and ocean currents (which distribute heat around the globe influencing regional climates).

Question 3: Describe two human activities that significantly contribute to climate change.

Answer: Burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas releases large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Deforestation reduces the number of trees that can absorb CO2, increasing the greenhouse effect.

Question 4: Explain how melting glaciers and ice caps can affect sea levels globally.

Answer: Melting glaciers and ice caps add freshwater to the oceans, increasing the volume of seawater. This causes sea levels to rise, which can lead to flooding of coastal areas and loss of habitats.

Question 5: Discuss the potential impacts of climate change on coastal regions.

Answer: Rising sea levels can lead to increased flooding, erosion, and loss of habitat in coastal areas. Changes in weather patterns may also cause more intense storms and storm surges, threatening communities and infrastructure.

Question 6: Draw a simple diagram showing the greenhouse effect, including the Sun, Earth's surface, greenhouse gases, and heat energy.

Answer: A correct diagram would depict the Sun emitting rays towards Earth, Earth's surface absorbing and emitting heat, some heat being trapped by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, illustrating the greenhouse effect.

Question 7: Identify and explain two methods countries can use to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.

Answer: Countries can promote renewable energy sources like wind and solar power to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. They can also implement policies encouraging energy efficiency in industries and households.

Question 8: Sketch a flow chart illustrating the cycle of climate change impacts, from increased greenhouse gases to environmental and social effects.

Answer: A flow chart should start with increased greenhouse gases, leading to global warming, then showing effects such as melting ice, rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and resulting social impacts like displacement and economic costs.

Question 9: Describe how deforestation contributes to climate change.

Answer: Deforestation reduces the number of trees that absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, leading to higher atmospheric CO2 levels. This enhances the greenhouse effect and accelerates global warming.

Question 10: Explain why climate change is considered a 'global' issue and how international cooperation can help address it.

Answer: Climate change affects the entire planet through shared atmospheric systems and ocean currents. International cooperation allows countries to work together on reducing emissions, sharing technology, and implementing policies through agreements like the Paris Agreement.