Question 1: Define the term 'economic change' in the context of human geography.

Answer: Economic change refers to the transformation or development of economic activities, industries, and employment patterns within a region over time.

Question 2: Describe two reasons why a region might experience economic decline.

Answer: Economic decline can occur due to the closure of major industries, depletion of natural resources, increased competition from other regions or countries, or technological changes that make local industries obsolete.

Question 3: Explain what is meant by 'deindustrialization' and give an example of a region that has experienced it.

Answer: Deindustrialization is the decline of industrial activity in a region, often due to factory closures and job losses. An example is parts of the UK, such as parts of the North of England, where traditional industries like coal mining and textiles have declined.

Question 4: Identify and describe one positive and one negative impact of economic growth in a region.

Answer: A positive impact is increased job opportunities and improved living standards. A negative impact can be environmental pollution and increased inequality between different social groups.

Question 5: Imagine a region that shifted from manufacturing to becoming a centre for technology companies. Describe two changes that might occur in this region due to this shift.

Answer: There may be an increase in high-skilled jobs and higher incomes. The region might also see a rise in new infrastructure, such as office parks and tech hubs, and a decline in traditional manufacturing employment.

Question 6: Draw a simple diagram to represent the concept of a 'value-added' manufacturing process. Label the main stages involved.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a flowchart with stages such as raw materials, manufacturing, assembly, and final product, with arrows indicating progression. Labels should clearly identify each stage.

Question 7: Sketch a diagram to show how a region might transition from an industrial economy to a service-based economy. Include at least three key features or sectors.

Answer: A correct sketch would depict a transition with labels like 'Factories' changing to 'Offices/Tech hubs', 'Mining' changing to 'Financial services', and 'Manufacturing' changing to 'Retail and leisure'.

Question 8: Discuss how technological advancements can influence economic change in a region.

Answer: Technological advancements can make industries more efficient, create new types of jobs, attract investment, and lead to the development of new sectors, such as digital services, which can transform the economy.

Question 9: Identify a region in the UK where economic change has been significant in recent decades. Briefly describe the nature of this change.

Answer: The Midlands, especially Birmingham, has experienced a shift from traditional manufacturing industries to a focus on finance, technology, and creative industries, reflecting economic diversification.

Question 10: Explain the term 'restructuring' in relation to economic change. Provide an example scenario.

Answer: Restructuring refers to the process of reorganizing an economy or industry, often to adapt to new conditions. For example, a town might close its coal mines and develop new industries like renewable energy or tourism.