Question 1: Describe the process of how a glacier forms from compacted snow over many years.

Answer: Snow accumulates in a region, compacts under its own weight, turns into firn, and eventually transforms into dense ice, forming a glacier.

Question 2: Explain what is meant by the term 'plucking' and how it contributes to glacier erosion.

Answer: Plucking occurs when meltwater refreezes around rocks at the glacier's base, causing the glacier to lift and remove chunks of bedrock, aiding erosion.

Question 3: Identify and describe two landforms created by glacial erosion.

Answer: Examples include a U-shaped valley, which is a wide, rounded valley with steep sides formed by glacier movement, and a hanging valley, a smaller valley left hanging above the main valley after erosion.

Question 4: Explain how a glacier transports material as it moves.

Answer: Glaciers transport material through processes like plucking and abrasion, carrying rocks and debris embedded within the ice or on its surface.

Question 5: Describe the difference between a corrie and a arete, both landforms associated with glaciation.

Answer: A corrie is a bowl-shaped hollow with a lip, formed by ice erosion, while an arete is a sharp ridge between two corries or glacial valleys, resulting from erosion on both sides.

Question 6: Sketch and label a diagram showing the features of a typical glacial valley, including the U-shape, hanging valley, and terminal moraine.

Answer: A correct sketch should depict a broad, U-shaped valley with steep sides, a smaller hanging valley above it, and a moraine as a ridge of debris at the glacier's furthest extent.

Question 7: List three effects of glaciation on the landscape.

Answer: Effects include the formation of valleys and fjords, deposition of moraines and drumlins, and the creation of lakes such as tarns.

Question 8: Explain what a moraine is and how it forms.

Answer: A moraine is a ridge of debris deposited by a glacier, formed from rocks and soil that are pushed along or left behind as the glacier melts.

Question 9: Describe how climate change could affect the process of glaciation.

Answer: Warmer temperatures lead to melting glaciers, reduced snow accumulation, and potentially the retreat or disappearance of glaciers over time.

Question 10: Draw a cross-section of a glacier showing the ice at the top, the base, and the bedrock beneath. Indicate where erosion and deposition occur.

Answer: A correct drawing should depict a glacier with an accumulation zone at the top, a zone of movement in the middle, and the bedrock below. Erosion occurs at the base, while material is deposited at the terminus.