Question 1: Define the term 'development' in a geographical context and explain why it is important to measure development.

Answer: Development in geography refers to improvements in the quality of life, economic well-being, and standard of living in a country or region. It is important to measure because it helps compare countries, plan aid, and understand progress towards social, economic, and environmental goals.

Question 2: List three economic indicators used to measure development and briefly describe what each indicates about a country's development level.

Answer: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita indicates the average economic output per person; the Human Development Index (HDI) combines life expectancy, education, and income levels; literacy rates show the percentage of people who can read and write, reflecting educational development.

Question 3: Describe how access to clean water and healthcare can impact a country's development.

Answer: Access to clean water and healthcare improves health and reduces disease, which increases life expectancy and productivity. This, in turn, supports economic growth and social stability, contributing to overall development.

Question 4: Explain the difference between 'qualitative' and 'quantitative' measures of development, providing one example of each.

Answer: Quantitative measures are numerical data, such as GDP per capita or literacy rates, which provide measurable indicators of development. Qualitative measures involve perceptions and quality of life, such as surveys on happiness or social well-being.

Question 5: Identify and explain two challenges faced by developing countries in improving their development levels.

Answer: Developing countries often face challenges like poverty, which limits access to essential services, and political instability, which can hinder economic growth and development projects.

Question 6: Compare the development levels of a developed country and a developing country, based on economic indicators and quality of life factors.

Answer: A developed country typically has high GDP per capita, advanced infrastructure, high literacy rates, and good healthcare. A developing country may have lower GDP, limited access to clean water, lower literacy, and healthcare services, indicating a lower level of development.

Question 7: Sketch a bar graph comparing the GDP per capita of three countries: Country A (high income), Country B (middle income), and Country C (low income).

Answer: A bar graph with three bars of increasing height from Country C to Country A, clearly labelled, showing the relative differences in GDP per capita.

Question 8: Draw a diagram illustrating the concept of the Human Development Index (HDI). Include and label its three main components.

Answer: A simple diagram showing a triangle or circle divided into three sections labeled: Life Expectancy (health), Education (years of schooling), and Income (GDP per capita). Each component contributes to the overall HDI score.

Question 9: Describe two ways in which international aid can support development in poorer countries.

Answer: International aid can fund infrastructure projects like schools and hospitals, and provide resources or training to improve healthcare and education systems, helping to raise living standards.

Question 10: Sketch a flowchart showing the cycle of economic development, starting from investment to improved quality of life.

Answer: A flowchart with arrows indicating: Investment → Job creation and infrastructure development → Increased income and services → Improved health and education → Higher productivity and sustainable development.