Question 1: Define the term 'human development' and explain why it is an important measure when comparing countries.

Answer: Human development refers to the process of improving people's well-being, including health, education, and standard of living. It is important because it provides a comprehensive measure of quality of life beyond just economic wealth, allowing comparison of countries' overall progress.

Question 2: List three key indicators used to measure a country's level of development and briefly describe each.

Answer: 1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita: the average economic output per person. 2. Life expectancy: the average number of years a person is expected to live. 3. Literacy rate: the percentage of the population that can read and write.

Question 3: Describe two reasons why some countries have higher levels of development than others.

Answer: Some countries have higher development levels due to abundant natural resources and access to education and healthcare. Conversely, countries with conflict, poor infrastructure, or limited access to resources tend to have lower development.

Question 4: Compare the development levels of a developed country and a developing country, giving specific examples of indicators for each.

Answer: A developed country like the UK has high GDP per capita, long life expectancy (around 80 years), and high literacy rates (near 100%). A developing country like Nigeria has lower GDP per capita, shorter life expectancy (around 55 years), and literacy rates below 70%.

Question 5: Explain how access to clean water and sanitation can influence a country's level of development.

Answer: Access to clean water and sanitation reduces disease and improves health, leading to higher life expectancy and productivity. This supports economic growth and overall development.

Question 6: Discuss two challenges faced by low-income countries in improving their development levels.

Answer: Low-income countries often face challenges such as limited access to healthcare and education, and reliance on a narrow range of exports which makes their economies vulnerable.

Question 7: Draw a simple bar graph comparing the literacy rates of three countries: Country A (95%), Country B (70%), and Country C (45%).

Answer: A bar graph with three bars representing each country, with heights proportional to their literacy rates: A being the tallest, B intermediate, and C the shortest. Label each bar with the country's name and percentage.

Question 8: Identify and explain two ways in which economic development can impact the environment.

Answer: Economic development can lead to environmental degradation through increased pollution and deforestation to support industrial growth. Conversely, it can also promote sustainable practices if environmentally friendly policies are adopted.

Question 9: Sketch a diagram illustrating the concept of the Human Development Index (HDI). Include the three main components used to calculate HDI.

Answer: A circle divided into three sections, each labeled: 1. Health (life expectancy), 2. Education (mean years of schooling), 3. Standard of living (GNI per capita). The diagram should show these components as parts of a whole to represent the combined HDI.

Question 10: Describe what is meant by 'global inequalities' in development and give an example of a factor that contributes to these inequalities.

Answer: Global inequalities in development refer to the uneven distribution of wealth, health, and opportunities between countries. An example factor is access to natural resources, which can give some countries economic advantages over others.

Question 11: Suggest two strategies that governments can implement to reduce development disparities within their country.

Answer: Governments can invest in education and healthcare to improve living standards. They can also develop infrastructure in rural areas to promote equal economic opportunities.