Question 1: Define the term 'development' in a human geography context.

Answer: Development refers to the improvement of living standards, economic conditions, and quality of life in a country or region, often measured through indicators like income, education, and health.

Question 2: List three common indicators used to measure a country's level of development.

Answer: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, literacy rate, and life expectancy.

Question 3: Explain how the Human Development Index (HDI) is calculated and what it measures.

Answer: The HDI combines data on life expectancy, education level (mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling), and income per capita to produce a score from 0 to 1, measuring overall human development.

Question 4: Describe two economic factors that can influence a country’s level of development.

Answer: Factors include the availability of natural resources and the level of industrialization or economic diversification.

Question 5: Identify and explain two social factors that can impact development.

Answer: Access to quality education and healthcare services, and gender equality, as they influence human capital and social stability.

Question 6: Compare the development levels of two countries: one with high income and one with low income. Mention two differences in their living conditions.

Answer: In high-income countries, people generally have better access to healthcare and education, and higher standards of living. In low-income countries, there may be higher rates of poverty, limited healthcare, and lower educational attainment.

Question 7: Describe how access to clean water and sanitation can affect a country’s development.

Answer: Access to clean water and sanitation reduces disease and improves health, which in turn supports economic growth and improves quality of life.

Question 8: Draw a simple sketch of a development pyramid, labeling the three sections: low, middle, and high development. Include an example of a country or region for each section.

Answer: A pyramid with three horizontal sections; bottom labeled 'Low development' with examples like some sub-Saharan African countries, middle labeled 'Middle development' with examples like India or Mexico, and top labeled 'High development' with examples like the UK or Japan.

Question 9: Sketch a diagram showing the relationship between income level and access to healthcare. Use a large blank space. Describe what the correct diagram should illustrate.

Answer: A graph with income level on the x-axis and access to healthcare on the y-axis, showing a positive correlation (as income increases, access to healthcare also increases).

Question 10: Explain why some countries with high income still face development challenges, such as inequality or poor health outcomes.

Answer: High income does not guarantee equitable distribution of resources; issues like income inequality, political instability, or social inequalities can cause development challenges despite wealth.

Question 11: Discuss one way that international aid can help improve development in less developed countries.

Answer: International aid can fund vital infrastructure, healthcare, and education projects, helping to improve living standards and promote sustainable development.