Question 1: Describe the journey of a drop of water from a mountain source to the sea, mentioning at least three different river features it might pass through.

Answer: The water drop starts in the mountain source, then flows through a steep-sided valley called a gorge, continues into a wider floodplain, and finally reaches the river mouth where it enters the sea.

Question 2: Explain what a river's 'source' and 'mouth' are, and how they are different.

Answer: The source is where the river begins, often in the mountains or hills. The mouth is where the river flows into another body of water, such as the sea or an ocean. The source is at the start, and the mouth is at the end of the river.

Question 3: List and briefly describe three processes that cause a river to erode its banks.

Answer: Hydraulic action: the force of flowing water wears away the banks. Attrition: rocks and stones in the river break down as they hit each other. Abrasion: sediments and particles scrape and wear away the riverbanks.

Question 4: What is a 'meander,' and how does it form in a river?

Answer: A meander is a winding bend in a river. It forms where the current erodes the outer bank and deposits sediment on the inner bank, creating a curved shape over time.

Question 5: Describe the difference between a 'v-shaped valley' and a 'floodplain.'

Answer: A v-shaped valley is a steep-sided valley carved by river erosion in the upper course. A floodplain is a wide, flat area of land on either side of a river, formed by sediment deposition during flooding.

Question 6: Sketch a simple diagram showing the difference between a youthful, mature, and old river, including features such as the cross profile, valleys, and floodplains.

Answer: A correct sketch would depict: (1) Youthful river with a steep, narrow valley and a V-shape; (2) Mature river with a wider valley and some floodplain development; (3) Old river with a broad, flat floodplain and multiple meanders.

Question 7: Explain how a river's velocity influences its ability to erode, transport, or deposit sediments.

Answer: Higher velocity increases the river's ability to erode and transport sediments, especially larger particles. When velocity decreases, the river deposits sediments, forming features like point bars or deltas.

Question 8: Identify and describe two ways humans use rivers for their benefit.

Answer: Humans use rivers for drinking water and irrigation of crops. They also use them for transportation and generating hydroelectric power.

Question 9: Describe what a delta is and how it forms at the mouth of a river.

Answer: A delta is a landform formed at the mouth of a river, where the river deposits sediments as it slows down upon entering a larger body of water like the sea. Over time, these sediments build up to create a delta.

Question 10: Draw a cross-sectional diagram of a river showing the riverbank, bed, and flow direction. Label each part.

Answer: A correct diagram would show a horizontal layer labeled 'riverbed,' with sides called 'banks,' and an arrow indicating flow direction downstream. The flow should be shown moving from left to right.