Question 1: Define the term 'urbanisation' and explain two reasons why cities are experiencing rapid growth.

Answer: Urbanisation is the increasing number of people living in cities, often due to migration from rural areas. Reasons include better job opportunities and improved access to services.

Question 2: Identify and describe two social problems commonly associated with rapidly growing urban areas.

Answer: Two common social problems are overcrowding, leading to inadequate housing, and increased crime rates due to higher population density and socio-economic disparities.

Question 3: Explain what is meant by 'urban sprawl' and discuss one environmental consequence of unchecked urban expansion.

Answer: Urban sprawl refers to the spreading out of a city into surrounding rural areas. An environmental consequence is the loss of farmland and natural habitats, which can lead to decreased biodiversity.

Question 4: Describe two ways in which traffic congestion affects city residents and the environment.

Answer: Traffic congestion causes longer journey times for residents and increases air pollution due to vehicle emissions.

Question 5: Identify three strategies that city planners might use to reduce traffic congestion in urban areas.

Answer: Strategies include developing reliable public transportation systems, creating dedicated cycling lanes, and implementing congestion charging zones.

Question 6: Discuss two problems caused by inadequate waste management in cities.

Answer: Problems include increased pollution and health hazards for residents due to overflowing or poorly managed waste disposal sites.

Question 7: Explain what is meant by 'urban renewal' and give an example of a benefit it can bring to a city.

Answer: Urban renewal involves renovating or redeveloping parts of a city to improve infrastructure and housing. A benefit is the revitalization of neglected neighborhoods, attracting new residents and businesses.

Question 8: Draw a simple plan of an urban area highlighting key features such as a residential zone, commercial center, industrial area, and green space. Label each feature.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a layout with clearly labeled zones: residential (houses/apartments), commercial (shops/offices), industrial (factories), and green space (parks). The zones should be arranged logically to reflect typical city planning.

Question 9: Identify two economic benefits of urbanisation for a country.

Answer: Economic benefits include increased employment opportunities and higher tax revenues, which can be invested in public services.

Question 10: Describe one challenge faced by low-income residents in urban areas and suggest a possible solution.

Answer: Challenge: Lack of affordable housing. Solution: Implementing affordable housing schemes or rent controls to ensure housing accessibility.

Question 11: Explain how urban areas can contribute to climate change and suggest one measure cities can take to reduce their carbon footprint.

Answer: Urban areas contribute through high energy consumption, transportation emissions, and industrial activities. Cities can reduce their carbon footprint by promoting renewable energy use and enhancing public transportation.