Question 1: Define the term 'urbanisation' and explain one reason why it has increased in recent years.

Answer: Urbanisation is the process by which more people move from rural areas to cities, leading to the growth of urban areas. It has increased due to factors such as better job opportunities, improved living standards, and rural-to-urban migration.

Question 2: Describe two problems that rapidly growing cities often face as a result of high population density.

Answer: Two problems are: (1) traffic congestion, which causes delays and pollution, and (2) inadequate housing, leading to the growth of slums or informal settlements.

Question 3: Explain how urban areas can contribute to pollution and suggest one way to reduce air pollution in cities.

Answer: Urban areas contribute to pollution through vehicle emissions, factories, and construction activities. One way to reduce air pollution is by encouraging the use of public transport and cycling.

Question 4: Identify and describe two social issues that are common in large cities.

Answer: Two common social issues are homelessness, where people lack adequate shelter, and crime, which can increase due to economic disparity and overcrowding.

Question 5: Discuss why traffic congestion is a major problem in many cities and suggest one solution to alleviate it.

Answer: Traffic congestion occurs because of too many vehicles on the roads, leading to delays and pollution. A solution is to develop better public transportation systems to reduce the number of cars on the road.

Question 6: Draw a simple sketch of a city with a central business district (CBD), residential area, and industrial zone. Label each area clearly.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a central area labeled 'CBD' with surrounding zones marked as 'Residential' and 'Industrial'. The CBD should be depicted as a dense area, possibly with taller buildings, with residential and industrial zones radiating outward.

Question 7: Describe what a 'slum' is and explain one reason why slums often develop in urban areas.

Answer: A slum is an area with poorly built, overcrowded housing and lacking basic services. Slums often develop because of rapid urban migration and insufficient affordable housing.

Question 8: Identify two environmental problems caused by urban growth and briefly explain their impacts.

Answer: Two problems are: (1) air pollution, which can cause health issues, and (2) water pollution, which affects local water supplies and ecosystems.

Question 9: Explain what is meant by 'urban sustainability' and give one example of a measure that cities can take to become more sustainable.

Answer: Urban sustainability refers to managing city growth in a way that minimizes environmental impact and ensures a good quality of life. An example is creating green spaces like parks to improve air quality and provide recreation.

Question 10: Suggest two ways in which cities can improve waste management to reduce pollution.

Answer: Cities can improve waste management by increasing recycling programs and establishing proper waste disposal facilities to prevent littering and illegal dumping.