Question 1: Define urbanisation and explain one major factor that has contributed to rapid urban growth in recent decades.

Answer: Urbanisation is the process where an increasing percentage of a population lives in cities. A major factor contributing to rapid urban growth is rural-urban migration, where people move from countryside areas to cities in search of better employment and education opportunities.

Question 2: Identify two common problems associated with high population density in urban areas.

Answer: Two common problems are traffic congestion, which causes delays and pollution, and overcrowding, leading to inadequate housing and strain on public services.

Question 3: Describe how the development of slums can impact the health and safety of residents.

Answer: Slums often lack proper sanitation, clean water, and adequate housing, increasing the risk of disease. Overcrowding and poor structural conditions can also make residents more vulnerable to accidents and crime.

Question 4: Explain two strategies urban planners might use to reduce traffic congestion in a city.

Answer: Urban planners can introduce improved public transportation systems to reduce private vehicle use and create dedicated bus lanes to increase the efficiency of public transit. Additionally, promoting cycling and walking through dedicated pathways can help decrease car usage.

Question 5: Draw a simple plan of a sustainable urban area that includes residential, commercial, and green spaces. Label each area clearly.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a central commercial zone, surrounding residential neighborhoods, and parks or green spaces integrated within the city layout. Labels should clearly identify each zone.

Question 6: Discuss two environmental issues caused by urban expansion and suggest one possible solution for each.

Answer: Urban expansion can lead to increased air pollution from vehicle emissions and loss of natural habitats. Solutions include promoting renewable energy use to reduce pollution and establishing protected green belts to conserve habitats.

Question 7: Identify and explain one social issue that can arise from rapid urban growth.

Answer: One social issue is increased inequality, where wealth and access to services are unevenly distributed, leading to social tensions and segregation within the city.

Question 8: Suggest two ways in which urban areas can become more environmentally sustainable.

Answer: Urban areas can implement green building standards to reduce energy consumption and increase the use of renewable energy sources. They can also promote waste recycling programs and develop urban green spaces to improve air quality.

Question 9: Explain how public transportation can help address urban pollution problems.

Answer: Public transportation reduces the number of private vehicles on the road, decreasing emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases, thus improving air quality and reducing overall urban pollution.