Question 1: Define the term 'urbanisation' and explain one reason why city populations tend to grow rapidly in some countries.

Answer: Urbanisation is the process by which an increasing percentage of a country's population lives in cities. One reason for rapid city population growth is rural-urban migration, where people move from countryside areas to cities seeking better employment, education, and healthcare opportunities.

Question 2: List three common problems associated with rapid urban growth.

Answer: Three common problems are traffic congestion, pollution (air and water), and inadequate housing or slum development.

Question 3: Describe how traffic congestion can impact residents and the environment in a city.

Answer: Traffic congestion causes longer travel times for residents, increased air pollution from vehicle emissions, higher fuel consumption, and can lead to stress and decreased quality of life.

Question 4: Explain what a 'slum' is and identify two factors that contribute to the formation of slums in urban areas.

Answer: A slum is an overcrowded urban area with poor-quality housing and inadequate access to basic services. Factors contributing to slum formation include rapid population growth outpacing housing development and limited affordable housing options.

Question 5: Discuss one social issue that can arise in densely populated urban areas and suggest a potential solution.

Answer: One social issue is increased crime rates due to overcrowding and lack of community resources. A potential solution is improving community policing and investing in education and youth programs to reduce crime.

Question 6: Draw a simple sketch of a typical high-density residential area in a city. Include at least three features such as types of housing, roads, and green spaces.

Answer: A correct sketch would show multi-storey apartment blocks arranged close together, narrow roads or pathways, and small patches of green space or parks interspersed among the buildings.

Question 7: Describe two ways city planners can reduce pollution in urban areas.

Answer: City planners can reduce pollution by promoting public transportation to decrease vehicle emissions and creating more green spaces to improve air quality.

Question 8: Explain the concept of 'urban renewal' and give an example of a benefit it can bring to a city.

Answer: Urban renewal involves redeveloping and improving run-down or old parts of a city. Benefits include revitalised neighborhoods, increased property values, and improved living conditions for residents.

Question 9: Identify and explain one challenge faced by cities in managing waste disposal.

Answer: One challenge is the large volume of waste generated, which can overwhelm disposal facilities, leading to illegal dumping and environmental pollution.

Question 10: Suggest one way that technology can help improve transportation in urban areas.

Answer: Technology can improve transportation by implementing smart traffic management systems that control traffic lights based on real-time congestion data, reducing delays and emissions.