Question 1: Define the term 'urbanisation' and explain one positive and one negative effect it can have on a city.

Answer: Urbanisation is the process by which an increasing proportion of a population moves from rural to urban areas, leading to the growth of cities. A positive effect is improved access to services and employment; a negative effect is increased congestion and pollution.

Question 2: Describe two reasons why many people choose to move to urban areas.

Answer: People often move to urban areas for better job opportunities and improved access to education and healthcare services.

Question 3: List three problems commonly associated with overcrowded cities.

Answer: Traffic congestion, inadequate housing, and pollution.

Question 4: Explain how traffic congestion can impact the quality of life in a city.

Answer: Traffic congestion increases travel time, causes stress, reduces air quality, and can hinder emergency services, all of which negatively affect residents' quality of life.

Question 5: Identify and describe two methods city planners use to reduce pollution in urban areas.

Answer: City planners promote the use of public transportation to reduce vehicle emissions and create green spaces to improve air quality and provide recreational areas.

Question 6: Discuss one challenge and one benefit of providing affordable housing in cities.

Answer: Challenge: It can be difficult to find enough land or resources to build affordable housing. Benefit: It helps reduce homelessness and makes cities more inclusive.

Question 7: Draw a simple sketch of a city’s public transportation system, including at least three different types of transport (e.g., bus, train, tram).

Answer: A correct sketch would show a network of routes connecting different parts of the city, with symbols or labels for each type of transport, such as buses, trains, and trams, with stations at key locations.

Question 8: Describe what is meant by 'urban decay' and give an example of a factor that can lead to it.

Answer: Urban decay refers to the process where parts of a city decline economically and physically, often due to factors like high unemployment or neglect of infrastructure.

Question 9: Identify two strategies cities might use to improve environmental sustainability.

Answer: Implementing renewable energy sources and promoting cycling and walking to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

Question 10: Explain the impact of urban growth on rural areas surrounding a city.

Answer: Urban growth can lead to rural areas losing farmland and becoming more developed, which may increase commuting and reduce rural populations.