Question 1: Define the term 'urbanization' and explain one common cause of rapid urban growth in developing countries.

Answer: Urbanization is the increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities. A common cause of rapid urban growth in developing countries is rural-urban migration driven by the search for better employment opportunities.

Question 2: Describe two social problems that can occur in overcrowded urban areas.

Answer: Two social problems are increased crime rates and inadequate access to healthcare and education services.

Question 3: Explain how traffic congestion can impact both the environment and the quality of life in a city.

Answer: Traffic congestion leads to higher emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants, which harm the environment. It also causes delays, stress, and reduced mobility, negatively affecting residents' quality of life.

Question 4: Identify and describe one method that urban planners can use to reduce the problem of urban sprawl.

Answer: Urban planners can implement 'green belts'—areas of undeveloped or controlled land surrounding a city—to restrict outward expansion and encourage development within existing urban boundaries.

Question 5: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of building high-rise apartments in city centers.

Answer: Advantages include efficient land use, accommodation of more residents, and reduction in urban sprawl. Disadvantages include increased traffic congestion, higher living costs, and potential social isolation for residents.

Question 6: Draw a simple sketch showing the layout of a sustainable urban area that includes parks, residential zones, and commercial areas. Label each zone clearly.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a central commercial zone, surrounded by residential areas, with parks and green spaces integrated within or adjacent to these zones, promoting walkability and accessibility.

Question 7: Identify two causes of pollution in urban areas and suggest one way to reduce each.

Answer: Causes include vehicle emissions and industrial waste. To reduce vehicle emissions, promote public transportation; to reduce industrial waste, enforce stricter environmental regulations.

Question 8: Explain the concept of 'urban renewal' and give one example of a benefit it can bring to a city.

Answer: Urban renewal involves redeveloping and revitalizing old or run-down parts of a city to improve infrastructure and housing. One benefit is attracting new businesses and residents, which boosts the local economy.

Question 9: Describe the challenges faced by informal settlements (slums) in urban areas.

Answer: Challenges include poor sanitation, inadequate access to clean water, overcrowding, lack of proper housing, and vulnerability to health issues and eviction.

Question 10: Suggest two ways that governments can help manage rapid urban growth more sustainably.

Answer: Governments can invest in affordable housing and improve public transportation systems to reduce congestion and pollution.