Question 1: Define 'urbanisation' and explain one positive and one negative effect it can have on a city.

Answer: Urbanisation is the process by which an increasing percentage of a country's population lives in cities. A positive effect is improved access to services, while a negative effect is overcrowding and traffic congestion.

Question 2: Identify three common problems faced by rapidly growing urban areas.

Answer: Overcrowding, pollution, and traffic congestion.

Question 3: Describe how traffic congestion can affect the quality of life of city residents.

Answer: Traffic congestion can lead to longer travel times, increased stress, pollution, and reduced access to services, negatively impacting residents' health and well-being.

Question 4: Explain what is meant by 'urban sprawl' and discuss one advantage and one disadvantage of it.

Answer: Urban sprawl refers to the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into surrounding countryside. An advantage is increased housing, while a disadvantage is loss of green spaces and farmland.

Question 5: List three strategies that cities can use to reduce pollution.

Answer: Implementing public transport, promoting cycling and walking, and regulating industrial emissions.

Question 6: Describe the problem of waste management in cities and suggest one way to improve it.

Answer: Cities generate large amounts of waste that can clog streets and pollute the environment. Improving waste segregation and increasing recycling programs can help.

Question 7: Draw a simple plan of a city showing a residential area, a park, a school, and a shopping centre. Use labels to identify each area.

Answer: A correct sketch would include a clearly marked residential zone, a green space labeled as a park, a building labeled as a school, and a commercial area marked as a shopping centre, with roads connecting them.

Question 8: Explain why affordable housing is a challenge in many urban areas.

Answer: High demand for housing, rising property prices, and limited space make it difficult for low-income families to find affordable homes.

Question 9: Suggest two ways that technology can help solve urban traffic problems.

Answer: Smart traffic lights that adapt to flow patterns and real-time traffic monitoring systems to improve route planning.

Question 10: Identify and explain one way urban areas can become more environmentally sustainable.

Answer: Cities can promote green building designs and increase green spaces to reduce heat islands and improve air quality.