Question 1: Explain the greenhouse effect and how it contributes to global warming. Include at least three greenhouse gases in your answer.

Answer: The greenhouse effect occurs when certain gases in Earth's atmosphere trap heat from the sun, preventing it from escaping back into space. This process warms the planet. Key greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O). These gases absorb and emit infrared radiation, which increases global temperatures.

Question 2: Describe two major effects of climate change on the UK’s weather patterns.

Answer: Climate change has led to more frequent and intense storms, and increased instances of heavy rainfall resulting in flooding. Additionally, it has caused milder winters with less snow and colder spells becoming less common.

Question 3: Identify and explain two ways in which rising global temperatures can affect sea levels.

Answer: Rising temperatures cause polar ice caps and glaciers to melt, adding more water to the oceans, which raises sea levels. Additionally, warmer water expands in volume (thermal expansion), which also contributes to rising sea levels.

Question 4: Discuss how deforestation can contribute to climate change.

Answer: Deforestation reduces the number of trees that absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, increasing the amount of CO₂ in the atmosphere. This enhances the greenhouse effect, leading to higher global temperatures.

Question 5: Draw a simple diagram to show the process of the greenhouse effect, labeling key components such as the Sun, Earth's surface, greenhouse gases, and the atmosphere.

Answer: A correct diagram would depict the Sun emitting rays towards Earth, with some rays reflected back, and others trapped by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which then radiate heat back to Earth's surface. Labels should include: Sun, Earth's surface, greenhouse gases, atmosphere, reflected rays, and trapped heat.

Question 6: Sketch a section of Earth's atmosphere showing how increased levels of greenhouse gases trap more heat. Include labels for the main gases involved.

Answer: A correct sketch would demonstrate Earth's surface emitting infrared radiation, which is partially absorbed and re-emitted by greenhouse gases such as CO₂ and CH₄, illustrating the trapping of heat within the atmosphere.

Question 7: Describe two human activities that have significantly increased greenhouse gas emissions since the Industrial Revolution.

Answer: Burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas for energy and transportation releases large amounts of CO₂. Deforestation for agriculture or urban development reduces the number of trees that can absorb CO₂, increasing atmospheric greenhouse gases.

Question 8: Explain how climate change can impact biodiversity and ecosystems.

Answer: Climate change can alter habitats, making them unsuitable for some species, leading to loss of biodiversity. It can also cause shifts in the distribution of plants and animals, disrupt breeding cycles, and increase the risk of extinction for vulnerable species.

Question 9: Identify two natural factors that can influence the Earth's climate apart from human activities.

Answer: Volcanic eruptions can release particles that block sunlight and temporarily cool the climate. Changes in the Earth's orbit and tilt, known as Milankovitch cycles, can also influence long-term climate patterns.

Question 10: Suggest two ways the UK can adapt to the impacts of climate change.

Answer: Building flood defenses along vulnerable coastlines and riverbanks to protect communities. Developing drought-resistant crops and water conservation measures to manage water resources during dry periods.