Question 1: Describe two different methods you could use to measure the flow rate of a river during a fieldwork investigation.

Answer: Possible methods include using a flow meter to directly measure water velocity at a specific point, or timing how long it takes for a floating object to travel a set distance across the river surface and calculating flow rate accordingly.

Question 2: Explain the purpose of taking environmental samples at different points along a river or coastline during fieldwork.

Answer: Environmental samples help identify variations in water quality, sediment composition, or pollution levels, which can indicate the impact of human activity or natural processes across different locations.

Question 3: List three safety precautions you should follow when conducting a fieldwork survey near a river or coastal area.

Answer: Wearing appropriate personal protective equipment such as waterproof clothing and boots; avoiding working alone; being aware of weather conditions and rising water levels; and not entering fast-flowing or dangerous water areas.

Question 4: Sketch a simple data collection table suitable for recording the types of land use observed at different sites in a town. Label the columns clearly.

Answer: The table should include columns such as 'Location', 'Type of Land Use' (e.g., residential, commercial, industrial), 'Notes', and 'Time of Observation'.

Question 5: Explain why it is important to use a consistent method and timing when conducting repeated measurements during fieldwork.

Answer: Using consistent methods and timing ensures that data collected is comparable and reliable, reducing errors caused by variations in measurement techniques or environmental conditions.

Question 6: Describe how you would use a quadrat to investigate plant diversity in a grassland area.

Answer: Place the quadrat randomly within the grassland, record all plant species within its boundaries, and count the number of each species. Repeat the process at different locations to compare diversity levels.

Question 7: Sketch a diagram of a basic compass used for navigation during fieldwork, indicating the four main directions and a magnetic needle.

Answer: The sketch should show a circle divided into four quadrants labeled North, East, South, and West, with a magnetic needle pointing towards the magnetic North, and a simple arrow indicating the direction.

Question 8: List three types of data you might collect when studying the physical features of a coastline.

Answer: Beach slope measurements, types and size of sediment particles, and wave frequency and height.

Question 9: Explain what is meant by 'sampling' in fieldwork and give one advantage of using sampling techniques.

Answer: Sampling involves collecting data from a representative subset of an area rather than the whole area. An advantage is that it saves time and resources while still providing accurate insights into the overall characteristics.

Question 10: Describe one ethical consideration you should keep in mind when conducting fieldwork involving human subjects or natural environments.

Answer: Ensuring that permission is obtained from landowners or relevant authorities before accessing sites, and minimizing disturbance to wildlife and natural habitats.