Question 1: Describe the process of a glacier forming from compacted snow over many years.

Answer: Snow accumulates annually, compresses into ice due to pressure, recrystallizes, and gradually forms a glacier as more snow falls and compacts the lower layers.

Question 2: Explain how the movement of glaciers can shape the landscape, giving two specific examples.

Answer: Glaciers erode the landscape through processes like plucking and abrasion, creating features such as U-shaped valleys and fjords.

Question 3: Identify and describe two landforms created by glacial erosion.

Answer: U-shaped valleys formed by the glacier eroding a river valley, and hanging valleys where smaller glaciers join the main glacier, leaving steep cliffs.

Question 4: Describe the difference between a corrie and a arête, including how each forms.

Answer: A corrie is a bowl-shaped hollow formed by freeze-thaw and plucking at the head of a glacier, while an arête is a sharp ridge created when two corries erode back-to-back.

Question 5: Explain the processes that lead to the formation of a moraine.

Answer: Moraine forms from debris and rocks that are transported and deposited by the glacier, often at its edges or terminus.

Question 6: Sketch a cross-section of a glacier showing the accumulation zone, ablation zone, and the ice movement direction.

Answer: A correct sketch would depict a glacier with the upper part (accumulation zone) gaining ice, the lower part (ablation zone) losing ice, and arrows indicating ice flow from the accumulation zone down to the ablation zone.

Question 7: Describe how climate change can impact glacial landscapes.

Answer: Rising temperatures lead to glacier melting and retreat, reducing glacial landforms, and contributing to sea level rise.

Question 8: Explain the significance of a cirque in glacial landforms.

Answer: A cirque is a bowl-shaped hollow at the head of a glacier, indicating past glacial activity and serving as a source area for the glacier.

Question 9: Identify two human activities that are affected by glacial landscapes and explain how.

Answer: Tourism and farming are affected; tourism relies on scenic glacial landscapes, while farming may be limited by the rocky, uneven terrain.

Question 10: Discuss the potential global impacts of widespread glacial melting.

Answer: Global impacts include sea level rise, loss of freshwater resources, habitat destruction, and changes in ocean currents affecting climate patterns.