Question 1: Define the term 'glaciation'.

Answer: Glaciation is the process involving the formation, movement, and melting of glaciers, which shape the landscape through erosion and deposition.

Question 2: Describe how a glacier is formed, starting from snow accumulation.

Answer: Snow accumulates in cold environments over many years. The layers of snow become compressed and turn into ice, forming a glacier when the ice mass becomes thick enough and begins to move under gravity.

Question 3: Explain what a 'corrie' is and how it is formed.

Answer: A corrie is a bowl-shaped depression on a mountain side, formed by the erosion of a glacier. It starts when snow collects in a hollow, freezes, and gradually erodes the bedrock through plucking and abrasion, creating a rounded shape.

Question 4: List two types of erosion caused by glaciers.

Answer: Plucking and abrasion.

Question 5: Describe the process of how a U-shaped valley is formed by a glacier.

Answer: A glacier flows through a mountain valley, eroding the sides and floor through abrasion and plucking. Over time, this widens and deepens the valley, creating a U-shaped cross-section.

Question 6: Identify and describe one landform created by glacial deposition.

Answer: A moraine is a landform made of unsorted material deposited by a glacier, often forming a ridge or mound at the edge or center of a glacier.

Question 7: Draw a simple cross-section diagram of a glacier showing the ice at the top, the glacier moving down, and the valley being eroded.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a sloping valley with a thick ice mass at the top, moving downward. The sides of the valley are eroded, with some debris at the edges, and the bottom of the valley is widened and flattened.

Question 8: Explain the difference between a glacier and an ice sheet.

Answer: A glacier is a large mass of moving ice confined to a valley or basin, while an ice sheet is an extensive, thick layer of ice covering a large land area, such as Antarctica or Greenland.

Question 9: Describe two ways in which glaciers contribute to shaping the landscape.

Answer: Glaciers erode the land through plucking and abrasion, creating features like U-shaped valleys and corries. They also deposit debris, forming landforms like moraines and drumlins.

Question 10: Sketch a simple diagram of a glacier showing the accumulation zone, the ablation zone, and the equilibrium line.

Answer: A correct sketch would depict a glacier with the upper part labeled as the accumulation zone (where snow adds to the glacier), the lower part as the ablation zone (where ice melts), and a line in between as the equilibrium line.