Question 1: Name three natural hazards that can occur in the UK.

Answer: Flooding, storms (such as hurricanes or gales), and snowfalls.

Question 2: Describe what causes a volcanic eruption.

Answer: A volcanic eruption occurs when magma from beneath the Earth's crust rises to the surface due to pressure build-up, causing lava, ash, and gases to be expelled.

Question 3: Explain how heavy rainfall can lead to flooding in a city.

Answer: Heavy rainfall can overwhelm drainage systems and rivers, causing water levels to rise and flood streets, homes, and businesses.

Question 4: Sketch a simple cross-section of the Earth's crust showing a volcano and the movement of magma beneath it.

Answer: A correct sketch should include a volcano shape on the surface, with a magma chamber beneath and arrows indicating magma rising upward. Label the magma chamber, vent, and eruption.

Question 5: Identify two ways that people can prepare for earthquakes.

Answer: Secure heavy furniture to walls and have an emergency kit ready with supplies such as water, food, and first aid.

Question 6: Explain what a tsunami is and how it is related to earthquakes.

Answer: A tsunami is a large sea wave caused by undersea earthquakes that displace a large volume of water, creating waves that can flood coastlines.

Question 7: Describe the main dangers associated with landslides.

Answer: Landslides can destroy homes and roads, block rivers causing flooding, and pose a risk to people's safety.

Question 8: Draw a diagram to show how a flood barrier works to protect a city from rising water levels.

Answer: A correct diagram would depict a river with a barrier (such as a wall) constructed along its bank, preventing water from spilling into the city. Include labels for the river, barrier, and protected area.

Question 9: Explain why some areas are more at risk of hazards like floods and earthquakes than others.

Answer: Areas near tectonic plate boundaries or low-lying regions are more at risk because of geological activity or flood-prone geography.

Question 10: List two actions that communities can take to reduce the impact of natural hazards.

Answer: Building flood defenses and creating emergency evacuation plans.