Question 1: Define the term 'natural hazard' and give two examples of hazards that can occur in the UK.

Answer: A natural hazard is a natural event that has the potential to cause damage or harm to people, property, or the environment. Examples include floods and storms.

Question 2: Describe how a hurricane forms in the ocean. Include at least three key steps in your explanation.

Answer: A hurricane forms when warm ocean water heats the air above it, causing the air to rise and create low pressure. As the warm air rises, it cools and condenses, forming clouds and releasing energy. The system begins to spin due to the Coriolis effect, and if conditions are right, a hurricane develops with strong winds and heavy rain.

Question 3: Explain why floods are considered a major hazard in the UK. Mention at least two reasons.

Answer: Floods are a major hazard in the UK because heavy rainfall can lead to rivers overflowing, damaging homes and infrastructure. Additionally, urban areas with lots of concrete increase surface runoff, making flooding worse.

Question 4: Identify and describe two human activities that can increase the risk of landslides.

Answer: Deforestation removes trees that hold soil in place, increasing the risk of landslides. Construction on steep slopes can disturb the stability of the land and trigger landslides.

Question 5: Sketch a simple diagram to show the difference between a tornado and a hurricane. Label the main features of each.

Answer: A correct sketch would include a funnel-shaped cloud for a tornado with labels such as 'funnel cloud' and 'ground contact', and a large circular storm with spiral rainbands for a hurricane, labeled with 'eye', 'eyewall', and 'spiral rainbands'.

Question 6: Describe two ways in which people can prepare for earthquakes.

Answer: People can prepare for earthquakes by securing heavy furniture to walls and having an emergency kit ready. They can also practice 'Drop, Cover, and Hold On' drills to stay safe during the quake.

Question 7: Name and briefly explain a method used to reduce the impact of floods in the UK.

Answer: One method is building flood defenses such as levees or flood barriers that prevent water from flooding inland areas. Another is creating floodplain zoning to restrict building in flood-prone areas.

Question 8: Explain why climate change may increase the frequency of certain hazards like storms and floods.

Answer: Climate change leads to higher temperatures, which increase the amount of moisture in the atmosphere, resulting in more intense storms and heavier rainfall, raising the risk of floods.

Question 9: Draw a diagram to show how a volcano erupts. Indicate the magma chamber, vent, and eruption column.

Answer: A correct diagram would show a large underground magma chamber connected to a vent on the Earth's surface, with magma rising through the vent and an eruption column of ash and gases rising into the sky.