Question 1: Describe the steps you would take to ensure your fieldwork data collection is accurate and reliable when measuring the height of a river bank.

Answer: First, I would use a measuring tape or a range pole to record the height at multiple points along the river bank. I would ensure the tape is straight and held steady, and take readings at consistent intervals. I would also repeat measurements to verify accuracy and record the weather conditions, as they can affect the measurements.

Question 2: List three reasons why it is important to carry out a pre-visit to the fieldwork site before collecting data.

Answer: To check access and safety of the site, to plan the best locations for data collection, and to identify any potential hazards or obstacles.

Question 3: Explain how you could use a survey to gather information about people's opinions on local environmental issues.

Answer: I would design a questionnaire with clear, simple questions related to environmental issues. I would select a diverse group of people to survey, either by visiting a public place or using online methods. I would record their responses systematically, ensuring anonymity if needed, to analyze different opinions and trends.

Question 4: Draw a simple sketch to illustrate how you would set out a transect line across a beach to study the changing environment from the land to the sea. Label the key features.

Answer: A straight line running from the inland area across the beach towards the shoreline. Key labels might include 'starting point inland', 'vegetation zone', 'sandy area', 'tidal zone', and 'sea'. The sketch should show the line crossing different zones, with space for labels.

Question 5: Identify two safety precautions you should take when conducting fieldwork outdoors.

Answer: Wearing appropriate clothing and footwear for the weather and terrain, and carrying a first aid kit and emergency contact details.

Question 6: Explain why it is important to record the date and weather conditions during your fieldwork.

Answer: Weather conditions can influence the data collected, such as river flow or soil moisture. Recording the date and weather helps in analyzing results accurately and understanding any environmental factors affecting the data.

Question 7: Design a simple data table to record the temperature at different points along a river during your fieldwork. Describe what columns and rows you would include.

Answer: The table would have columns labeled 'Location', 'Temperature (°C)', and 'Time of measurement'. Rows would list each specific location along the river where measurements are taken, with the corresponding temperature and time recorded.

Question 8: Outline how you would ensure your data collection is unbiased during fieldwork.

Answer: By taking measurements at different times of day and at various locations within the study area, and using standardized methods and equipment to avoid personal bias.

Question 9: Describe a method you could use to measure the flow rate of a river during your fieldwork.

Answer: I would use a flow meter or measure the time it takes for a floating object to travel a set distance across the river. Alternatively, I could use the velocity of flow and the cross-sectional area of the river to calculate flow rate.

Question 10: Sketch a diagram showing how to set up a simple weather station in the field, including at least three instruments you would use.

Answer: A sketch showing a tripod or stand with a thermometer, a rain gauge, and an anemometer (for wind speed). The instruments should be spaced out appropriately and positioned to avoid interference.